the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

dialect; in the mountain districts o f Georgia a slight divergence o f speechhad occurred. D . Ojibwas, still in the main non-horticultural, about 1 5,000,speak the same dialect; d. D akota tribes, 2j,ooo, 2 closely related dialects.D ies Ausnahm en. In U . S t. u. British Am erica zählt a tribe on averageless than 2000.3) The right o f investing Sachems u. C hiefs elected b j the Gentes.4) The right to depose Sachems and Chiefs.In the Status o f Savagery and in the Lower and also in the M iddle Status o fbarbarism, office was bestow ed for life, or during good behaviour.D . Sachems u. Chiefs, v. d. gentes gew ählt, w den nach T ribe Bildung,members d. Tribal Council; hence d. Recht v. Investitr letzteren Vorbehalten;(ebenso hatte er auch Absetzngsrecht; gin g, nach B ildung v. Confederationauf council o f confederacy über. T he offices o f sachem and chief universallyelective north o f M exico ; evidence in other parts o f the Continent, evidence,dass sie es allgem ein so ursprünglich gewesen.5) The possession o f a religious fa ith and worship.“ A fte r the fashion o f barbarians the Am erican Indians were a religious people”(p. 115) Medicine lodge - Dancing form o f worship.6) A supreme government through a council o f chiefs.Gens represented by its chiefs. Tribe represented by the council o f the chiefso f the gentes. Called together under circumstances know n to all, held in45 the midst o f the people, open to their orators, it was certain to | actunder popular influence. Council (tribal) had to guard and protect thecom m on interests o f the tribe. Q uestions and exigencies arising throughtheir incessant warfare w ith other tribes. A s a general rule, the councilopen to any private individual desiring to address it on a publicquestion.“ p T h e women allowed to express their wishes and opinions through an orator o ftheir own election. Decision given by the Council. Unanimity was a fundamentallaw o f its action among the Iroquois. M ilitary questions usually left tothe action o f the voluntary principle. Theoretically each tribe a t war withevery other tribe w ith w hich it had not form ed a treaty o f peace. A n y personat liberty to organise a war-party and conduct an expedition w ohin erw ollte. E r announced his project by giving a war-dance and inviting volunteers.I f he succeeded in form ing a party, w hich w ould consist o f such personsas joined him in the dance, they departed immediately, w hile enthusiasmwas at its height. When a tribe was menaced with an attack, w ar parties wereform ed to meet it in much the same manner. W here forces so raised wereunited in one body, each under its own war-captain and their jo in t movementsdetermined by a council o f these captains. This relates to tribes in the LowerStatus o f Barbarism. T h e A ztecs u. Tlascalans w ent out by phratries, eachsubdivision under its own captain, u. distinguished by costumes and banners.Confederation o f Iroquois u. that o f the A ztecs w ere the m ost remarkable foraggressive purposes. U nter Tribes in the Lower Status o f Barbarism, incl. the162