the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

separated from the rest by metes and bounds, and bears to the entirety theproportion of ^1/2: 16. Oder: 2) in certain parts of the area covered by thegrant he has a sole right to the rents, and in other parts to a fractional portiononly, so arranged that in the whole he gets 91/2 out of 16 annas of the entireprofits of the area, etc. Meist incidental to his right, dass er das ihm zuständigecan collect by his own officers at his own kachahri; vielleicht hat eraber auch nur d. Recht to draw his fractional share of the net collections made2X2ijoint-kachahrib&\ong\.ngyso to speak, to several share-holders. (151,152)Aber der owner dieser mokarari tenure of ^x/2 annas of property usually ajoint-family, or a group of persons representing an original joint-family;alle Glieder solcher Gruppe haben jedes seine eigne share in the tenure, which,although existing in a state undivided from the rest, is capable of beingassigned to a purchaser separately from them. Ausserdem, very often,each member of the group can, as between himself and his shareholders,insist upon having an actual partition of the subject of tenure. Sobald diesgesichehen wird er by himself separately entided to a fraction z.B. der 91/2anna tenure; sage zu 1/6 derselben; dann seine besondere share of the rentsand profits accruing from the area covered by the tenure, subject of course to thepayment of the superior rent or jama, is 1/6 of 91/2 annas = 1 anna 7 pie.So d. mau^ah selbst, the unit in terms of which the zamwda caculated,comes to be divided into small portions; u. der rent receiver who stands toa particular ryot in the position of %amindar kann sein u. ist oft a very smallman indeed. Z.B. der ryot may have to pay the whole of his rent to thepatwari of the / anna 7 pie shareholder, or to pay 1 anna 7 pie out of 16 annasof his rent to him, and the remainder to the other shareholders separately,or in groups; or he may have to pay the entirety of his rent to the jointkachahrifrom which each shareholder will get his share on division. (153,*54)This system of sub-infeudation and subdivision of joint-interests,accompanied by severalty of right, prevails universally throughout Bengal. (154)Daher beispiellose complexity of landed interests u. keiner hat einInteresse improvements d. land zu machen. (I.e.) Unter diesem Systemd. locally resident zamindars generally small shareholders of subordinatetenures, deren means nicht greatly superior to those of the well-to-doryots. (155)Die lands of a village broadly unterscheidbar in 2 sets: the ryottee lands (thebulk of the village area, the village lands) einerseits, u. andrerseits theZamindar’s [in letzter instance der dem government revenue-payingZamindar] Land, %iraat, khamar, nijjot, or sir-lands (auch noch andre termsdafür). (155, 156) In Bengal heisst d. erstere Land meist the ryot’s “jot” .(156) Wenn dieser wieder sub-lets, so his lessee derives everything fromhim and goes out of possession with him whenever he goes, erhält alsonur a sub-tenure properly so called. (157) By legislative enactment, actualoccupation of the same land for a period of 12 years confers upon the ryot264