the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

inhabitants for the time being yielded the element of permanence now wanting inthe gens.Zur Zeit d. Solon Athenians already a civilised people, had been so for 2centuries; bdtend development of useful arts, commerce at sea became a nationalinterest, advancement o f agriculture u. manufacture, commencement ofwritten composition in verse; aber ihre institutions of government still gentile, ofthe type of the Later Period of Barbarism; beinah ein Jahrhundert nachSolon full of disorders.joy B .C . Kleisthenes’ constitution (Kern derselben lag in d. naucrary)dauerte bis zu Verlust der Unabhängigkeit Athens. Theilte Attica in 100demes or townships (wards), jedes umschrieben by metes u. bounds, u. distinguishedby a name. Jeder citizen hatte sich selbst ein^uregistriren u. to cause anenrollment of his property in the deme wo er resided. Dies enrollment evidenceu. foundation of his civil privileges. The deme displaced the naucrary; itsinhabitants had powers of local self-government. Diese demotae wählten einenδήμαρχος who had the custody of the public register, also the power to convene thedemotae for the election of magistrates and judges, for revising the registry of thecitizens, u. enrolling such as became of age during the year. Sie elected a treasureru. provided for the assessment and collection of taxes u. for furnishing the quotaof troops required from the deme für state service. They also elected 30dicasts204 or judges, trying all causes arising in the deme below a certain sum;ausserdem had deme its own temple, religious worship u. own priest, der alsoelected by the deme. A ll registered citizens free u. equal except equal eligibilityto higher offices.Second member der organic territorial series: 10 demes, united in a larger geographicaldistrict, was called a local tribe - φυλον τοπικό v. (So wde d. römischetribus - ursprünglich 1/3 of the people composed of 3 tribes - verwandeltaus numerical quality in a local designation.) Each district named after anAttic hero; einige der 10 demes waren205 detached (nicht locally contiguous)whslich in consequence o f the local separation o f portions des original consanguinetribe who desired to have their deme incorporated in the districto f their immediate kinsmen. [Morgan nennt d. topischen Phylen counties,Schoemann aber nennt d. Unterabtheilung der topischen Phylen auf Wohnsitzeu. Theile der Stadt u. Landschaft gegründet, ihre UnterabteilungenGaue (δήμοι) oder Ortschaften (κώμαι). E r sagt von Kleisthenes: E r theilte d.gesammte Land in 100 Verwaltungsbezirke, hiessen δήμοι u. d. einzelnenDemen wden theils nach d. kleinen Städten od. Flecken, theils nach ausgezeichnetenGeschlechtern benannt; die nach Geschlechtern benanntenDemen vorzugsweis in d. Theil d. Landes, der der Phyle der Gehontent^ugewiesen (.Hauptstadt Athen u. ihre nächste Umgebung, wo also d.meisten u. bdtensten Adelsfamilien lebten, wo ihre Güter gelegen.Lang vor Kl(e)isthenes gab es Bezirke, Städte u. Flecke die sich Demennannten. Zahl der Demen stieg zuletzt auf 17 4 ; doch erinnerte an d. ursprünglicheZahl d.100 Heroen, d. Eponymen d. 100 Demen. D . Phylen— Verbände von 10 Dem en.]206214