the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

guinity entsprechend office o f Sachem passed v o n brother brother, or fromuncle to nephew u. sehr selten vo n grandfather to grandson. T h e choice, byfree suffrage o f both males and fem ales o f adult ages, fiel gew öhnlich auf einenBruder des deceased Sachem od. einen der Söhne einer Schwester; sein eignerBruder od. d. Sohn einer eignen Schwester meist preferred. Zw ischenseveral brothers, ow n or collateral, on the one hand u. d. sons o f severalsisters, ow n or collateral, on the other, no priority o f right, da alle malemembers der gens equally eligible.Hatte d. gens einen gew ählt (Sachem) (unter d. Seneca-Iroquois z.B.), sonoch erfordert assent der 7 remaining gentes. These met for the purposeby phratries; w enn sie d. W ahl to confirm verw eigerten, musste die gensneu w ählen; w de er accepted ,so election com plete, aber der neue Sachemmusste still “ be raised up” (i.e. invested w ith his office), dch a council o fthe confederacy, before he could enter upon his d u ty ; it was their method34 o f conferring the Imperium. |D e r Sachem o f a gens was ex officio a membero f the council o f the tribe, and o f the higher council o f the confederacy. Selbem ethod o f election u. confirm ation for the office o f a chief; aber a generalcouncil never convened to raise up chiefs below the grade o f a sachem; theyawaited the time w hen sachems w ere elected.C hiefs in each gens usually proportioned to the num ber o f its m em bers;unter d. Seneca-Iroquois 1 chief for about every 50 persons; der Senecanun in N e w Y o rk einige 3000, haben 8 Sachems u. about 60 chiefs; theproportionate num ber jezt grösser als früher. A n za h l der gentes in a tribemeist entsprechd der B evölkerungszahl des trib e; d. Zahl d. gentes variesin different tribes vo n 3 unter Delawares u. Munsees to über 20 unterO jibw as u. Creeks; 6, 8, 10 waren gew öhnliche Anzahlen.2) Recht Sachems u. Chiefs ab^uset^en.Dies R echt reserved by the members o f the gens; office nom inally “ forlife” , tenure practically “ during goo d behaviour.” D ie installation einesSachem hiess: “putting on the horns” , seine A bsetzung “ taking off the horns.”Sobald ein Sachem od. chief in due form abgesetzt dch gens, w ar er vo nnun Privatperson. Council o f the tribes konnte auch Sachems u. chiefs abset^en,ohne zu warten auf action der gens, and even against its wishes.3) Obligation not to marry in the gens.D iese rule noch inflexible bei d. Iroquois. - Bei Entstehung der gensbrothers were intermarried to each others' wives in a group, and sisters to eachothers' husbands in a group; gens sought to exclude brothers and sisters fromthe marriage relation by prohibiting to marry in the gens.4) M utual rights o f inheritance o f the property o f deceased members der gens.In Status o f Savagery property beschränkt auf personal effects; im Lower Statuso f Barbarism kam noch hinzu possessory rights in joint-tenement houses u.gardens. T he most valuable personal articles buried m it body des deceased owner.Im ü b rigen : property to remain in the gens and to be distributed among thegentiles des deceased owner. D ies theoretisch noch rule bei d. Iroquois;146