the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

Obgleich jeder shareholder in the village paddy field, hat erbliches Rechtin his plot u. right of cultivating it exclusively, dennoch the mode of cultivationwhich is generally pursued connects him ... in almost every step of his tillingwith his neighbours, above and below, either in a dominant or a servant character.D. Process der Zubereitung u. clearing the soil for the seed sowing orplanting, of killing the weeds and keeping them down, and of promoting the growthof the paddy plant, is from beginning to end in a large degree effected by the aidof successive submersions of the plot, which have to be varied as regards thedepth of water according to the process and the stage of it. Commonly 3prolonged submersions in the course of tilling, and 7 shorter ones during thegrowth of the plant. Da d. submergence of a relatively lower plot generally meansthe submergence of the plots above it, while the paddy plant cannot be dependedupon to grow equally fast in all the plots, hence, damit kein risk of one shareholder'soperations destroying the young plants of his neighbours, usual rule dassthe shareholder of the lower end of the field should commence the operations of thetilling season in his plot before any one else, and so get a safe start of the mannext above him. Selbe order followed by all the others in succession. (188-89)— Wenn in einem Jahr, von Mangel an Wasser^ufuhr od. sonst welchemGrund nur ein Theil des village paddy field can be effectively cultivated, wd thatlimited portion taken as the whole u. is divided unter d. village shareholders as theoriginal entirety was. D. Entscheidung darüber genommen dch d. shareholdersas a body. Dies jetzt nicht überall known in practice, aber ist oft vorgesehnin the newly framed Gansabawa rules, at the instance of the villagers themselves,to indicate that it was a deeply rooted ancient custom. (189) |149 Ganz unabhängig v. d. relations zum head of the village, daher in eachvillage of the North Central Province (u. in fact prevailing universally)Beamte, the vel vidahne u. others chosen by the shareholders to control and carryout the system of fencing, ploughing, sowing, shifting of allotment, when necessary,etc or generally the internal agricultural economy ds village. (190)D. Reis production d. irrigated fields nicht genügend to form even theprincipalportion of the shareholder's support in d. Mehrzahl der villages dieserProvinz. D. ordinary staple of life the dry grain, koraccan, grown upon theupland, i.e. on merely unwatered gt ound, or ground which the flow of thewater cannot be made to reach. A piece of the forest which surrounds thevillage and the village paddy field, is felled and burnt, and a crop of karaccanis raised thereupon for a couple of consecutive years at most, when the clearingis allowed to relapse into jungle again; and this process is not repeated on the samespot for another 10 years at least. (190-91) This process of chena clearing is*** often done in *** the North Central Province by the joint action of thevillage shareholders, under the management of their own officers; andsometimes the whole course of cultivation which follows is also joint, with a partitiononly of the produce. Manchmal aber auch, nachdem the clearing effected,the land is divided u. allotted previously to the cultivation; dies immer in case~j~ of the plots requiredfor the growth of each household's vegetables or curry stuff. (191)*75