the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

Differences in the composition der Phratries zeigen ihre modification to meetchanges o f condition, (die diese sie bildenden gentes befielen, w ie E n tvölkergeiniger, od. extinction etc) to preserve some degree o f equilibrium inthe num ber o f phrators in each. Phratric organisation unter Iroquois vonunvordenklicher Zeit, älter als the confederacy, established über ^1U centuriesago. Im Ganzen d. difference in their com position as to gentes small,bew eist permanence der Phratry sow ohl als der gens. D . Iroquois tribeshatten 38 gentes u. in 4 o f the tribes a total o f 8 phratries.Unter d. Iroquois d. Phratry theils for social, theils for religious objects.1) Games, gew öhnlich bei tribal u. confederate councils. Z .B . in ball gameder Senecas they play by phratries, eine gegen d. andre, u. bet against eachother upon the result o f the game. Each phratry puts forw ard 115 its bestplayers etc. B efor(e) d. Spiel beginnt, articles o f personal property are116hazarded upon the results dch members der opposite phratries, are depositedwith keepers to abide the event.2) A t a council o f the tribe the sachems and chiefs in each phratry usuallyseated on opposite sides o f an imaginary Council-fire u. the speakers addressedthe 2 opposite bodies as the representatives o f the phratries.3) W enn murder committed erst council d. gens des slain, dann council der gensdes M örders; aber gens o f the criminal calls oft on d. other gentes o ftheir phratry (when the slayer u. the slayed belonged to opposite phratries), tounite w ith them to obtain a condonation o f the andre. D ann hielt diesePhratry ein council u. addressed itself hierauf an d. andre Phratry to w hichit sent a delegation with a belt o f white wampum asking for a council o f thephratry u. an adjustment o f the crime. T h ey offered reparation to thefam ily u. gens des murdered in expressions o f regret u. presents o f value.N egotiations between the 2 councils, bis affirmative or negative Entscheidgerreicht. Influence einer phratry grösser als die einer gens u. bycalling into action d. opposite phratry condonation wahrscheinlicher,namentlich bei extenuating circumstances. D arum Grecian phratry (vorCivilisation) übernahm main management o f cases o f m urder u. also o fpurification des murderer w enn he escaped punishment; hence nachErrichtung117 d. p olit. society nimmt phratry an d. duty o f prosecuting themurderer in the courts o f justice. |40 4) A t funerals o f persons o f recognised importance - conspicuous functions derphratries (p. 95, 96) [In the case o f a defunct Sachem, the opposite phratry,! not his ow n, sent immediately after the funeral, the official wampum-belto f the deceased ruler to the central council fire at Onondaga, as a notificationo f his demise. This was retained until the installation o f his successor,upon w hom it then bestow ed as the insignia o f his office.5) Phratry directly concerned in the election o f sachems and Chiefs o f theseveral gentes. Hatte a gens successor ernannt für ihren deceased Sachem(od. elected a chief o f the 2nd grade), so expected as a matter o f coursethat the gentes o f the same phratry w ould confirm the choice; aber manchmal154