the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

Krishna (incarnation of Vishnu) wo d. members of the very numerous sectof Boistubs od. Vaisnabas (Vishnubites) on certain festivals lay theirofferings. The Byragiist der minister einer der sects which owe their originto the great reformer Chaitanya about 300 years since. (36, 37)The homestead of the godla, or cowman, wovon several in a village, wie dieseiner neighbours, ist cultivator wie most of them. Meist the cowshedactually brought up to the uthän and fill(s) one of the sides. D. cows beinglitde animals often not more than 3 feet high u. miserably thin are kepttethered close, side by side of each other in the open shed, there fed withdried grass, wetted straw, ausser when under the care of a boy they can onthe waste places abt the village, and on the fallow khäts pick up what theyfind. A ll Hindus, if they can afford it, consume milk; after rice and pulse(däl bhät) it the staple food of the people; keine Butter noch Käse; der godlaverkauft nicht nur Milch in raw state, sondern compounds auch d. variouspreparations of it, thickened; eine davon, dahi gleich a mass of thickclotted cream with all the fluid portion omitted is daily hawked aboutfrom homestead to homestead by the goälas in earthen gharas, carriedscale fashion, or bahangi (a bamboo furnished with cords at each end, bymeans of which luggage is carried slung across the shoulder), suspendedvon d. 2 extremities of a bamboo across the shoulder. (38, 39)Blacksmith's shop: a thatched shed, with old iron and new of small dimensionslying about in confusion. Im centre des mud floor is a very smallanvil, close to the fireplace, welcher a hole sunk in the ground. The no^le ofthe very primitive bellows is also let into the ground. The headsmith,sitting on a low stool or on his heels, works the bellows by pulling astring with one hand while with a tongs in the other he manipulates theiron in the fire, and then, still keeping his seat, turns to the anvil with asmall hammer in his right hand; he performs the guiding part in fashioningthe metal, and an assistant also squatting on his heels follows hislead with a larger hammer. The hammer heads are long, on one side onlyof the haft, and unbalanced by any make-weight, and the anvil is exceedinglynarrow; yet the blows struck by both workmen with unerringprecision. The villagers brauchen nur wenig in the shape of iron work; a fewnails, the toes of the ploughs, cultivating hoes (kudalis), billhook or cleaver(dao)y the bonti (a broad sickle-shaped knife blade, fixed vertically into aheavy wooden stand. In use, the stand is held firm by the feet, and the fish,vegetable, straw or other article to be cleaned, sliced, or cut up, is withthe hand duly worked against the concave cutting edge thus made fast.) ofdomestic and other use (fixed curved blade); all diese articles made orrepaired by the village blacksmith. His stock of iron is mainly English |133~Thoop iron bought at the nearest town by him (or for him) which has comeout to India in the shape of bands round the imported piece good bales. (39-41)“ Professionals” im village: not seldom the kabiraf or native doctor (of theVaidya caste), trägt seine Pillen in paper packets in a tolerably large bundle251