the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

T h e characters on the Copan monuments apparently hieroglyphs o f thegrade o f conventional symbols, beweisen, dass d. Am erican aborigenes, whopracticed the j first form s, unabhängig auf W eg in direction o f a phoneticalphabet.Stockade as a means o f village defence u. o f a raw-hide shield als defence71 ggenarrow, w hich had n ow becom e a deadly missile, o f the several varieties o fwar-cluby armed with an encased stone or with a point o f deerhorn, scheinen zudieser Periode zu gehören. Jedenfalls waren sie in common use am ong theAm erican Indian Tribes in the L ow er Status o f Barbarism w hen discovered.D er Spear, pointed m it flin t or bone kein custom ary w eapon w iththe for est-tribes, though sometimes used; z.B. d. Ojibwas used the lance orspear, She-mä-gun, pointed w ith flint or bone. Bow u. arrow, und war-clubH a(u)ptw affen d. Am erican Indians in diesem Status.Einiger Fortschritt in pottery, nämlich im increased si%e der vessels produced u.in their ornamentation; the Creeks made earthen vessels vo n 2 to 10 gallons;d. Iroquois ornamented their ja rs u. pipes m it miniature human faces attachedas buttons; im ganzen blieb pottery extremely rude bis Ende dieser Periode.Bemerkbarer Fortschritt in House architecture in si%e u. mode o f construction.U nter minor inventions: air-gun fo r bird shooting,, wooden mortar fo r reducingmai%e to flour u. d. stone mortar fo r preparing paints.Earthen u. stone pipes, with the use o f tobacco.Bone and stone implements o f higher grades, w ith stone hammers and mauls(Mauls sind heavy w ooden hammers), the handle and upper part o f thestone being encased in raw hide; and moccasins u. belts ornamented withporcupine quills.Einige dieser Erfindgen wahrscheinlich geborgt from tribes in the M iddleStatus; denn es war dch diesen Process constantly repeated that the more advancedtribes lifted up those below them, as fast as the latter were able to appreciateand appropriate the means o f progress.The cultivation o f mai^e and plants gave the people unleavened bread, theIndian succotash (Specie vo n grünem Mais u. Bohnen) u. hominy (Maismuss),ro~ tended also to introduce a new species o f property, cultivated lands orber- gardens.ty Obgleich lands owned in common by a tribe, a possessory right to cultivated landwas now recognised in the individual, or in the group, which became a subject o finheritance. T h e group united in a common household were mostly o f the same gens,and the rule o f inheritance w ould not allow it to be detached from thekinship.Inheritance: T h e property u. effects v. husband u. wife kept distinct, remainedafter their demise in 72 the gens w orin sie respective gehörten. W eib u.K inder nahmen nichts vo n husband u. father u. vice versa. Starb unterd. Iroquois ein M ann leaving w ife and children, so w de sein Eigenthumvertheilt unter seine gentiles so dass seine Schwestern u. deren children u. ihrematernal uncles w ould receive the m ost o f it; his brothers m ight receive a129