the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

Altepetlalli (altepetl = pueblo), that is those o f the communities of citiesand villages, were divided into as many parts as there were districts in a city,and every district possessed its own part entirely distinct from, and independento f every other. These lands could not be alienated by any means whatever.”Jede dieser communities war a gens, whose locali^ation^NZx nothwendig. Consequenzihres socialen systems. D . community machte d. District (Clavigeroputs the district for the community) and which owned the lands in common.Das element of kin, which united the community, ausgelassen v. Clavigero,ist ergänzt dch Herrera. E r sagt: “ There were other lords, called majorparents \Sachems\ whose landed property all belonged to one lineage [gens],which lived in one district, and there were many o f them when the landswere distributed at the time N ew Spain was peopled; and each lineagereceived its own, and have possessed them until n o w ; and these lands did notbelong to anyone in particular, but to all in common, and he who possessedthem could not sell them, although he enjoyed them for life and left them to hissons and heirs; and if a house (alguna casa, feudal expression d. Spaniers) diedout, they were left to the nearest parent to whom they were given andto no other, who administered the same district or lineage.”T>. feudalen Vorstellungen d. Spaniers u. d. indianischen Verhältnisse, die er sah,laufen hier durch einander - aber trennbar. Der Aztec “Lord” was derSachem, civil chief of a body of consanguinei of whom he is called “ the majorparent” D . lands gehörten jenem body (gens) in common; when the chiefdied, his place (according to Hei-rera) ging über auf seinen Sohn; wasüberging war in diesem Fall d. office of Sachem, nicht d. land, das niemandin trust “possessed” ; hatte er keinen Sohn “ the lands were left to the nearestmajor parent” , d. h. another person was elected Sachem.“Lineage” kann hier nichts andres sein wie gens u. office hereditary in the gens,wie bei d. ändern Indians, selective unter d. members der gens; wenndescent in male line, choice would fall on one of the sons o f the defunctSachem, own or collateral, or upon a brother, own or collateral etcThe “ lineage“ of Herrera u. “ the communities” of Clavigero offenbar selbe65 organisations-Der Sachem | had no title over lands u. konnte sietransmit to nobody. Spanier betrachteten d. Sache so, weil he held anoffice perpetually maintained u. weil there was a body of lands perpetuallybelonging to a gens over which he was a sachem; dieser (ausser seinenfunctions of chief der gens) hatte so wenig authority über die persons (die ihmd. Spanier zuschreiben) wie über d. lands.Was sie über inheritance sagen, ebenso confus u. contradictory; nurwichtig hier, soweit sie show bodies of consanguinei u. the inheritance of thechildren from their fathers, in welchem Fall descent in male line.II) Existence u. Functions des Council of Chiefs.Für Existenz eines A^tec Council - evidence; fast nichts über seine Functionsu. Anzahl seiner Glieder.19z