the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

tools passed through form s o fflin t and stones before they were form ed o f iron.Ebenso institutionsP art I V . (The Growth o f the Idea o f Property)C h. I. The three rules o f inheritance.“ E arliest ideas (!) o f property” intimately associated m it procurement o fsubsistence, the primary need. D . objects o f ownership verm ehren sich natürlichin jeder “ successive ethnical period” mit der multiplication der arts wovond. Subsistenzm ittel abhängen. Wachsthum v. Eigenthum hält so schritt mitFortschritt von Erfindungen u. Entdeckungen. Jede ethnische Periode zeigtso marked advance upon its predecessors, nicht nur in der Z a h l der Erfindungen,sondern ebenso in variety and amount o f property w hich resulted therefrom.T h e m ultiplicity o f the form s o f property w ould be accompanied by thegrowth o f certain regulations with reference to possession and inheritance. T hecustoms upon w hich these rules o f proprietary possession and inheritance depend,are determined by the condition and progress o f social organisation. T h e grow tho f property is thus closely connected w ith the increase o f inventions | anddiscoveries, and the improvements o f social institutions w hich mark the severalethnical periods o f human progress. (/2/, /26)I) Property in the Status o f Savagery.M ankind, w hen ignorant o f fire, w ithout articulate language, and w ithoutartificial weapons depended ... upon the spontaneous fru its o f the earth.Langsam u. fast unbemerkbar, in d. Period o f savagery, avanciren sievon Gebärdensprache u. unvollkommnen sounds to articulate speech; vo n demclub (Keule), als erster W ajfeyzu spear pointed w ith flint, u. schliesslich zuarrow u. bow; vo n fiint-knife u. -chisel to stone axe u. -hammer; vo n osier(K orbw eide) u. cane basket to the basket coated with clay, w hich gave avessel fo r boiling food with fire; and, finally to the art o f pottery.In the means o f subsistence, they advanced from natural fru its in a restrictedhabitat to scale and shell fish o f the sea, and finally to bread roots and game.Ferner im status vo n savagery d eveloped : Rope and string-making fromfilaments o f bark; a species o f cloth made o f vegetable pulp; the tanning o f skinsto be used as apparel and as a covering fo r tents; finally the house constructedo f poles and covered with bark, or made o f plank split by stone wedges. U nterminor inventions zählten neben fire-drill (während um gekehrt alles zumFeuermachen G ehörige d. H auptinvention!), moccasin (Indian w ordfor Schuhe ohne Sohlen aus weicherm skin vo n deer etc), u. the snow-shoe.Während dieser Periode grosse Verm ehrung d. M enschen (im Gegensatzzum prim itiven Zustand) auf Basis o f verm ehrte Consum tions M ittel,Ausbreitung derselben über d. Continents. In socialer Organisation Fortschrittvo n consanguine horde zu tribes organised into gentes, so possessed o f the germso f the principal governmental institutions.D . entwickelteste Theil der savages, had finally organised gentile society u.127