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RESPONSIBLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP VISION DEVELOPMENT AND ETHICS

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228 <strong>RESPONSIBLE</strong> <strong>ENTREPRENEURSHIP</strong><br />

and in that sense could actually provide a competitive advantage for entrant businesses, as<br />

proposed by Eftekhari and Bogers (2015).<br />

Practical implications<br />

The case presented here has practical implications by illustrating the possible routes for<br />

supporting business ventures stemming from user communities and/or third-sector organisation<br />

or civil society. The case and particularly user entrepreneur framework could also offer<br />

practical method for start-up venture quality improvements, for example in those hundreds<br />

of living lab settings around the globe.<br />

Limitations and further research<br />

This study obviously bears some limitations but in the other hand, offers several interesting<br />

avenues for further research. First, the methodology of this study places limitations to<br />

generalizations of this study. In other countries, the definitions and roles of social enterprises,<br />

for example, are different and findings as such are not easily transferred. Also the rigid working<br />

life may stem from the national circumstances and in that sense be nation-specific problem.<br />

However, this study could be continued by for example developing hypothesis and testing,<br />

whether this model applies to process of social enterprise creation in third sector in general.<br />

The need for studying processes instead of actors is still highly relevant (Phillips et al., 2015).<br />

Second, this study leaves cost and financial related questions outside the scope. It is<br />

acknowledged that in this case, the rehabilitees participated in voluntary bases. The terms of<br />

financial social security might cause some obstacles and therefore cause a major personal<br />

risk for participation in entrepreneurial ventures. Moreover, the social and economic value<br />

that is generated along the social entrepreneurship process needs to be studied in detail. We<br />

think that more research should be undertaken to uncover the potential, role and impact of<br />

open innovation approaches, especially living lab-approach to the social entrepreneurship.<br />

Reference<br />

Almirall, E., & Wareham, J. (2012). Living Labs: arbiters of mid- and ground-level innovation. Technology<br />

Analysis & Strategic Management. 23(1), 87-102.<br />

Audretsch, D., & Keilbach, M. (2004). Entrepreneurship Capital and Economic Performance. Regional Studies.<br />

38(8), 949-959.<br />

Autio, E., Dahlander, L., & Frederiksen, L. (2013). Information Exposure, Opportunity Evaluation, And<br />

Entrepreneurial Action: An Investigation Of An Online User Community. Academy of Management Journal.<br />

56(5), 1348-1371.<br />

Battisti, S. (2014). Social innovation in living labs: the micro-level process model of public-private partnerships.<br />

International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, 5(4-5), 328-348.<br />

Bergvall-Kåreborn, B., & Ståhlbröst, A. (2009). Living lab: an open and citizen-centric approach for innovation.<br />

International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development. 4(1), 356-370.<br />

Brabham, D.C. (2010). Moving The Crowd at Threadless: Motivations for participation in a crowdsourcing<br />

application. Information, Communication & Society. 13(8), 1122-1145.<br />

Chell, E., Nicolopoulou, K., & Karatas-Özkan, M. (2010). Social Entrepreneurship and enterprise: International<br />

and innovation perspectives. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An international journal.<br />

22(6), 485-493.

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