RESPONSIBLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP VISION DEVELOPMENT AND ETHICS

Mobility as a service in smart cities 427
Smart city as a trend
Smart city is a new and innovative concept and it is a result of the complexity of urban
environment as well as the new challenges in terms of mobility, population, natural environment
and other societal aspects. This new concept is at the starting point and the main opportunity
is to integrate new technologies in the definition of the concept and in the structure of
the new city.
Behind the scientific work, in terms of defining this new concept and this new way to
develop and enlarge a city, strategies and new initiatives are arising in Europe. The European
Urban Agenda (http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/consultation/urb_agenda/pdf/swd_
2015.pdf) identified three key priority areas of urban development (after a public consultation):
smart (low carbon, low waste and smart flow cities), green (environmentally friendly,
climate resilient and compact cities) and inclusive (living, caring and intergenerational cities).
Since our definition of Smart City focus on the functions and optimal provision of services
it also covers the aspect of green and inclusive, because the definition of the optimum can
also contain those aspects and should be done by public consultations.
The approach of this paper is a top down approach with a multilayer model starting with
the strategical layer. Based on this approach the strategical layer will have these 3 components:
smart, green and inclusive. And, from this layer a conceptual layer will define more
components which are able to be developed in an urban area. The European model elaborated
in European Smart Cities (http://www.smart-cities.eu/) has defined 6 main components
for a smart city:
– Smart mobility – the mobility of people and goods has to be provided in a smart manner
which means the integration of all transport modes, ICT solutions, zero pollution and congestions
and so on.
Figure 1: The model of a smart city