RESPONSIBLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP VISION DEVELOPMENT AND ETHICS

Mobility as a service in smart cities 429
ment for implementation of integrated transport solutions in urban area. (Sustainable Urban
Mobility Plan, http://www.eltis.org/mobility-plans/sump-concept)
Under the layer of SUMP (for the case of urban mobility), implementation and integration
of various solutions has to support the city. One new solution is Mobility as a Service
which is, in fact, a result of this new concept of smart city.
The multilayer approach is focused on urban mobility (or smart mobility for a smart city)
and the main objective is to define a new way to ensure mobility services in urban areas.
Urban mobility
Urban mobility has to be defined and analysed not only as a result of providing transport
services to different customers but also as a main resource and main service for various businesses
and urban activities. Sometime the main components of the urban systems could be
dependent by transport or mobility system, for instance the education system is closed related
to transport system and mobility, the isolation of citizens could generate some educational
implication and social isolation.
Urban mobility is a result of the interaction of 5 factors: transport system & services, economic
environment, urban development, education & culture, regional & national integration.
Figure 3: The context of urban mobility
The most important factor of the context is the urban transport system as part of a national
transport system (the city is the source and destination for interurban trips). The transport
system will define the mobility in urban area and will set up the framework for mobility service
in a smart city. Economic environment is also an important factor of urban mobility (industrial
cities have some specific characteristics which were generated by the type of industry
developed in that urban area) and it could be the main force for development of urban mobility.
Urban development is also important to define urban mobility and to understand this mobil-