India 2018

Communications and Information Technology 121
and information infrastructure in cyber space, build capabilities to prevent and
respond to cyber threats, reduce vulnerabilities and minimize damage from
cyber incidents through a combination of institutional structures, people,
processes, technology and cooperation.
Controller of Certifying Authorities
Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) are issued by Certifying Authorities (CA)
who have been licensed by the Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA). The
Office of CCA empanels licensed CAs for offering eSign Services for which the
legal framework and guidelines are already in place. So far, three of the eight
licensed CAs have been empanelled by the Office of CCA for providing eSign
Service.
Cyber Appellate Tribunal
In accordance with the provision contained under Section 48(1) of the IT Act
2000, the Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal (CRAT) was established in 2006.
As per the IT Act, any person aggrieved by an order made by the Controller of
Certifying Authorities or by an Adjudicating Officer under the Act can appeal
before the Cyber Appellate Tribunal (CAT).
Indian Computer Emergency Response Team
CERT-In is a functional organisation of Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology,
Government of India. CERT-In has been designated under Section 70B of the
Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 to serve as the national agency
to perform the following functions in the area of cyber security: (i) collection,
analysis and dissemination of information on cyber security incidents; (ii)
forecast and alerts of cyber security incidents; (iii) emergency measures for
handling cyber security incidents; and (iv) issue guidelines, advisories,
vulnerability notes and white papers relating to information security practices,
procedures, prevention, response and reporting of cyber incidents.
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
C-DAC has emerged as a premier R&D organization in IT&E (Information
Technologies and Electronics) in the country working on strengthening national
technological capabilities in the context of global developments in the field and
responding to change in the market in selected foundation areas. As an
institution for high-end research and development, C-DAC has been at the
forefront of the Information Technology (IT) revolution, constantly building
capacities in emerging/enabling technologies and innovating and leveraging
its expertise, caliber, skill sets to develop and deploy IT products and solutions
for different sectors of the economy.
Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research
SAMEER was set up in 1984 as an autonomous laboratory at Mumbai with a
broad mandate to undertake R&D work in microwave engineering and