India 2018

Rural and Urban Development 473
eligible for incentives or need funds to construct better toilets maybe with
bathing space; (d) identifying a Swachhagrahi (motivator) for each village
equipping him with skills on sanitation and giving him performance linked
incentives; and (f) intensive monitoring at the household level shall be taken
up through the IMIS of the ministry, as already name of each household has
been collected by Ministry of Drinking Water Supply through baseline data.
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)
Intervention in the rural sanitation sector in the country was initially started in
1954 as a part of the First Five Year Plan. The Government introduced a
structured scheme in the form of the Central Rural Sanitation Programm (CRSP)
in 1986 primarily with the objective of improving the quality of life of the rural
people and also to provide privacy and dignity to women. From 1999, a "demand
driven" approach under the "Total Sanitation Campaign" (TSC) emphasizing
more on Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Human Resource
Development (HRD), capacity development activities to increase awareness
among the rural people and generation of demand for sanitary facilities was
started. The "Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan" (NBA), the successor programme of the
TSC, was launched from 2012, aimed at creating Nirmal villages, provided
increased incentives through convergence with MNREGS. Though these
programmes had their successes, there still remained a large portion of the rural
population which did not have access to toilets. To significantly upscale the
programme, and bring the focus on the issue of sanitation, the Swachh Bharat
Mission (Gramin) was launched in 2014. The focus of the new strategy is to
move towards a Swachh Bharat by providing flexibility to state governments
(sanitation being a state subject), to decide on their implementation policy and
mechanisms, taking into account state specific requirements.
The main objectives of the SBM(G) are : a) bring about an improvement in
the general quality of life in the rural areas, by promoting cleanliness, hygiene
and eliminating open defecation; b) accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas
to achieve the vision of Swachh Bharat by 2nd October 2019; c) encourage cost
effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable
sanitation.
The Ministry is reforming the sanitation sector by shifting metric from
building toilets to Open Defecation Free villages. Behaviour change is the
primary focus and fundamental tool for achievement of ODF outcomes. The
Ministry is doing it by its focused Information , Education and Communication
(IEC) programme. It promotes gender sensitive information, behaviour change
guidelines and various mass education activities. The Ministry issued gender
guidelines in 2017 and menstrual management guidelines in 2015.
Swachh Bharat Mission: Making Swachhata Everyone's Business
MDWS is mandated to convene and coordinate all activities and initiatives
towards achievement of a Swachh Bharat, besides its allocated charge of SBM-