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Annexes 200Abstract :When investigating effects of gender and education on degradation of cognitive performanceswith age, one cannot distinguish the association of these variables with cognitive decline fromtheir association with the response of the tools used for measuring cognition.Using a longitudinal model for describing the cognitive factor underlying four psychometrictests, we quantify both the effects of gender and education on a comprehensive indicator ofcognition and their differential effect on the four psychometric tests. The approach is appliedto a large sample of elderly subjects from the French cohort PAQUID whatever the type andthe course of their cognitive aging process.Adjusting for vascular risk factors, the results suggest that women have a slightly worstcognitive decline in oldest age than men and that women better perform in tests involvingverbal component while men better perform in tests involving visuospatial skills. The resultsconfirm a large difference in cognitive level according to education but the difference inscores tends to decrease with age for tests involving a speed component.170 wordsKeywords : aging, Benton visual retention test, cognition, Digit Symbol Substitution Test,Isaacs set test, Mini mental state examination, mixed model, neuropsychological evaluation.2