Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Mathews, J.T. and. Meyer, W.B (eds)) pp1-17. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Laurence, W. F. and Beirregaard Jr. R. O. 1997. Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management and Conservation of Fragmented Communities. University of Chicago Press. Meyer, W.B. 1995. Past and Present Land cover in USA. Consequences, 24-33 Miehe, S. and Miehe, G. 1994. Ericaceous Forests and Heathlands in the Bale Mountains of South Ethiopia. Stifung Walderhaltung, Hamburg. Nagendra, H., Munroe, D., and Southworth, J. 2004. Introduction to the special issue. From pattern to process: Landscape fragmentation and the analysis of land-use/land-cover change. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 101: 111–115. Niemi et al. 2004. Evaluation of Geographic, Geomorphic and Human Influences on Great Lakes Wetland Indicators: A Multi-Assemblage Approach. Center for Water and the Environment, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN, USA OARDB. 2007. Bale Mountains National Park General Management Plan. Oromia Agriculture and Rural Development Bureau, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Olorunfemi J.F. 1983. Monitoring Urban Land Use in Developed Countries: An Aerial Photographic Approach. Peijun, S., Peng, G., xiaobing, L., Jin, C., Ye, O., Yaozhong, P. 2000. Methods and practices of LUCC research. Science press (in China),1-30. Skole D.L., Chomentowski W.H., Salas W.A. and Nobre A.D. 1994. Physical and human dimensions of deforestation in Amazonia. BioScience, 44: 314–322. Sillero-Zubiri, C. 1994. Behavioural ecology of the Ethiopian wolf, Canis simensis. D.Phil. Dissertation, DPhil thesis, University of Oxford Singh A, Coppin, P. and Bauer, M. 1996. Digital change detectionin in forest ecosystems with remote sensing imagery. Remote Sensing Reviews, 13. Singh, A. 1989. Digital change detection techniques using remotely sensed data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10(6):989- 1003. Stuart Williams, 2002. Bale Mountains: A Guide Book. Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme. Wilcove, D.S., McLellan, C.H. and Dobson, A.P. 1986. Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. In: Conservation Biology (Soul´e, M.E. (ed)) pp.237–56. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer. Woldu, Z., Feoli, E., and Nigatu, L. 1989. Partitioning an elevation gradient of vegetation from southeastern Ethiopia by probabilistic methods. Vegetation, 81: 189-198. Vitousek, P. H. 1997. Human domination of earth’s ecosystem. Science, 277: 494-499 xiaomei Y, and Rong qing L.q.Y 1999. Change Detection Using a Remote Sensing Information Model and its Application. Earth Observation center, NASDA, China. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 130
Characteristics and Origins of Glades in the Harenna Forest, Ethiopia Giovanni Chiodi 1 and Michelle Pinard 1 * 1 Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK *Email: m.a.pinard@abdn.ac.uk Abstract Soil, vegetation and historical land use were investigated in nine glades (peri-forest grasslands) in the Harenna forest, Ethiopia. The aims of the study were to characterize the glades in terms of soil properties, vegetation and land use, and to investigate their origins, with particular reference to possible anthropogenic versus natural origin. Three glades and three adjacent forest sites were studied at each of three altitudes (2300 m, 1850 m, 1750 m) along a soil toposequence. Relative to adjacent forest soils, soils in glades were distinct with lower pH, total exchangeable bases and base saturation. Permanent grazing was associated with lower plant species richness and higher monocot biomass than seasonal grazing; dicot species richness in glades increased with altitude. Leaching, promoted by local topographic and drainage conditions, and waterlogging are suggested as potentially important to the formation of the glades, though some glades have characteristics consistent with an anthropogenic origin. The glades are important for both permanent and temporary settlers in the Harenna as grazing for livestock; their high social and conservation values could be compromised by intensive grazing and local expansion of agricultural land. Introduction The Harenna forest of Bale Mountains National Park is unusual for many reasons. It extends across a large altitudinal gradient, thus includes elfin, Erica forest, as well as tall rain forest and subtropical savanna. Scattered within the forest, but concentrated in the western region, are areas of land that are dominated by herbaceous vegetation. These distinct patches of grasslands, or forest glades, represent an important component of the Harenna, in that provide a grazing resource for native herbivores and local livestock, hunting grounds for predators such as lion, leopard and hyena, and habitat for endemic species such as the Bale shrew (Yalden 1988). Despite their ecological and social importance in Bale, little is known of their origins. Backeus (1992) provides a general review of literature related to peri-forest grasslands, and defined them as areas dominated by non-arboreal vegetation that occur within forested regions. Both anthropogenic and natural factors can play a role in their origins, acting independently or together. In the region, burning and forest conversion to agricultural and grazing land are potentially important anthropogenic factors. Natural factors such as geomorphology and soil nutrient status could also be important, as could flooding by oligotrophic waters (Chauvel et al. 1996; Backeus 1993). <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 131
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
Page 87 and 88: Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
Page 89 and 90: Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
Page 91 and 92: Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
Page 93 and 94: Table 3. Estimates of population de
Page 95 and 96: Monitoring and management prioritie
Page 97 and 98: Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
Page 99 and 100: Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
Page 101 and 102: to just two montane sites in Harenn
Page 103 and 104: used for comparison. The study reve
Page 105 and 106: Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
Page 107 and 108: of the alpine vegetation have been
Page 109 and 110: Observers located each point by GPS
Page 111 and 112: Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
Page 113 and 114: other, and class N from O, because
Page 115 and 116: J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
Page 117 and 118: Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
Page 119 and 120: A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
Page 121 and 122: A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
Page 123 and 124: elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
Page 125 and 126: Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
Page 127 and 128: and managing natural resources and
Page 129 and 130: The Bale Mountains National Park is
Page 131 and 132: The ground-truthing points made up
Page 133 and 134: Table 2. Table showing the area for
Page 135 and 136: Table 5. Description of patchiness
Page 137: Acknowledgments This study was fund
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1. Map with the approximate
Page 143 and 144: Table 1. Main characteristics of th
Page 145 and 146: Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
Page 147 and 148: Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
Page 149 and 150: There might be some evidence for th
Page 151 and 152: Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
Page 153 and 154: Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
Page 155 and 156: the loss of natural forests due to
Page 157 and 158: Results Fire extent and frequency A
Page 159 and 160: Soil type Over 50% of the total num
Page 161 and 162: Distance to settlements The frequen
Page 163 and 164: than expected given there available
Page 165 and 166: MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
Page 167 and 168: among seasons are usually only a fe
Page 169 and 170: In contrast to the northern highlan
Page 171 and 172: Table 1. The distribution, species
Page 173 and 174: it was absent from the central subz
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Population structure of t
Page 177 and 178: Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
Page 179 and 180: Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
Page 181 and 182: occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
Page 183 and 184: Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
Page 185 and 186: total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
Page 187 and 188: Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
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Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
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As more literature seeks to explore
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Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
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Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
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2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
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3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
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accruing to households. Although no
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Acknowledgements This study was mad
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Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
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evidence that low levels of grazing
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wildlife, especially the mountain n
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and control sites (areas where live
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several of the Bale ecosystem compo
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Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
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their hives. Hive and tree types we
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HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
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Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
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data recorded by the Development Ag
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Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
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Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
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(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
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BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
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Park Operations Programme This prog
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according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
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Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
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at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
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Benefits The implementation of such
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or meet the minimum costs necessary
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Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
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across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
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What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
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IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
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Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
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If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
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• Improve research work on wildli
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• Development Partners (donors) a
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Sustainable Development of the Prot
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I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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