Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Table 2. List of species under each of the five clusters determined based on the proportional differences amongst species pairs in food habit and bill morphology Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblage 3 Assemblage 4 Assemblage 5 Abyssinian Crimson Wing African Black Duck Abyssinian Ground Thrush African Citril Black-headed Heron Abyssinian Longclaw Bearded Vulture Baglaphect Weaver Blue-winged Goose Chestnut-napped Francolin Augur Buzzard Abyssinian Catbird Black Goshawk Abyssinian Slaty Flycatcher Abyssinian Woodpecker Black-headed Ciskin Grey Heron Hill Chat Black Eagle African Hill Babler Brown-rumped Seedeater Hadada Ibis Long-billed Pipit Black Kite Black-winged Lovebird Little Grebe Montane Nightjar Cape Eagle Owl Bale Parrisoma (name check) Black-backed Cisticola Blue-spotted Wood Dove Montane Wagtail Moorland Francolin Golden Eagle Black-headed Batis Streaky Seedeater Spot-breasted Plover Olive Thrush Hooded Vulture Black-headed Forest Oriole Bronze Mannikin Wattled Ibis Plain-backed Pipit Lanner Falcon Blue-headed Coucal Common Waxbill Yellow-billed duck Red-breasted Wheatear Lappet-faced Vulture Crested Lark Yellow-billed Egret Rouget’s Rail Long-crested Eagle Brown-woodland Warbler Cinnamon Bracken Warbler Dusky Turtle Dove Fan-tailed Raven Martial Eagle Collared Sunbird Lemon Dove Thick-billed Raven Mountain Buzzard Common Bulbul Narina Trogon Olive Pigeon White-browed Robin chat Peregrine Common Fiscal Red-chested Sparrowhawk Dusky Flycatcher Pin-tailed Whydah Ruppell’s Vulture Emerald cuckoo Red-eyed Dove Tawny Eagle Foxy cisticola Red-fronted Tinkerbird White-backed Vulture Greater Honeyguide Slender-billed Starling Grey Cuckooshrike Speckeled Mousebird Swee Waxbill Grey-backed Cameroptera Grey-headed Bush Shrike Swainson’s Sparrow Grey Woodpecker White-cheeked Turaco Klass Cuckoo White-collared Pigeon Lesser Honeyguide Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Malachite Sunbird Yellow-fronted Canary Montane Whiteeye <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 22
Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblage 3 Assemblage 4 Assemblage 5 Yellow-fronted Parrot Nyanza Swift Yellow-shouldered Widowbird Discussion Puff-back Shrike Rufous Chatere Scaly-throated Babler Scaly-throated Honeyguide Senegal Coucal Sharps Starling Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Tacazze Sunbird Tawny-flanked Prinia Tropical Boubou White-backed Black Tit White-cheeked Bee Eater Yellow-bellied Sunbird Determination of communities based on empirically justifiable theoretical concepts has fundamental value both for advancement of ecological and conservation sciences. This is so because community attributes such as species richness are considered to be collective attributes of a group of similar species that respond similarly to ecological processes operating at various spatial and temporal scales (MacArthur 1971; Whittaker 1975; Diamond 1975; Holmes et al. 1979; Wiens 1989; Weihir and Kedy 2001; Wilson 2001; Krebs 2000). But measurement of such attributes of any group or taxon in a given landscape is a tricky concept. This requires one to follow a procedure to identify a biological community with evident reflection of the theoretical premises that define such an entity as a naturally relevant phenomenon. Evaluation of empirical data in community ecology begins by defining a species pool for a community under investigation. For an assemblage of organisms such as birds, community ecologists either use an exhaustive list of a given area of acceptable spatial scale as the species pool on which site based community evaluations are undertaken (Keddy 1992). This may result in a list that includes species pairs that may not qualify to be in the same community if the fundamental theoretical principles of community ecology were to be applied. A species pool may be defined at a regional or even continental scale as far as valid historical relationships on which the concept of community ecology is based are established (Ceuto et al. 1999). This is in addition to the application <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 23
Page 1 and 2: Walia Spec
Page 3 and 4: This Special <stro
Page 5 and 6: Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
Page 7 and 8: FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
Page 9 and 10: Introduction This Special</
Page 11 and 12: Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
Page 13 and 14: History and Physical Features of th
Page 15 and 16: Name of Order Name of Family No of
Page 17 and 18: wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
Page 19 and 20: Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
Page 21 and 22: Scientific name Common name Sources
Page 23 and 24: Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
Page 25 and 26: interactions? 2) Would such classif
Page 27 and 28: feeding habit and the related bill
Page 29: Table 1. Component loadings of fora
Page 33 and 34: of a community there must be a prem
Page 35 and 36: Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
Page 37 and 38: 1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
Page 39 and 40: Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
Page 41 and 42: Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
Page 43 and 44: long-term study areas. However, tot
Page 45 and 46: Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
Page 47 and 48: Observations on the Status of the M
Page 49 and 50: The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
Page 51 and 52: of the park’s interior, where hum
Page 53 and 54: The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
Page 55 and 56: Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
Page 57 and 58: Threats Predictably, the main threa
Page 59 and 60: populations within hunting blocks a
Page 61 and 62: Population Estimates and Diet of St
Page 63 and 64: To identify the types and proportio
Page 65 and 66: Table 3. Coverage of plant species
Page 67 and 68: for eating grass species. During th
Page 69 and 70: Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
Page 71 and 72: overall diet (36% of total prey occ
Page 73 and 74: Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
Page 75 and 76: encounters between neighbouring wol
Page 77 and 78: No new packs were formed between 19
Page 79 and 80: Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
Page 81 and 82:
Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
Page 85 and 86:
References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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and managing natural resources and
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The Bale Mountains National Park is
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The ground-truthing points made up
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Table 2. Table showing the area for
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Table 5. Description of patchiness
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Acknowledgments This study was fund
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Characteristics and Origins of Glad
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Figure 1. Map with the approximate
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Table 1. Main characteristics of th
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Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
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Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
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There might be some evidence for th
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Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
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Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
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the loss of natural forests due to
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Results Fire extent and frequency A
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Soil type Over 50% of the total num
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Distance to settlements The frequen
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than expected given there available
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MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
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among seasons are usually only a fe
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In contrast to the northern highlan
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Table 1. The distribution, species
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it was absent from the central subz
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Figure 2. Population structure of t
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Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
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Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
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occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
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Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
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total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
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Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
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Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
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As more literature seeks to explore
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Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
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Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
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2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
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3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
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accruing to households. Although no
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Acknowledgements This study was mad
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Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
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evidence that low levels of grazing
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wildlife, especially the mountain n
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and control sites (areas where live
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several of the Bale ecosystem compo
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Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
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their hives. Hive and tree types we
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HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
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Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
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data recorded by the Development Ag
Page 225 and 226:
Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
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Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
Page 231 and 232:
(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
Page 253 and 254:
BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
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Park Operations Programme This prog
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according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
Page 293 and 294:
Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
Page 301 and 302:
at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
Page 307 and 308:
Benefits The implementation of such
Page 309 and 310:
or meet the minimum costs necessary
Page 311 and 312:
Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
Page 313 and 314:
across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
Page 317 and 318:
What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
Page 321 and 322:
through existing databases not only
Page 323 and 324:
The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
Page 327 and 328:
spatial and temporal extent of the
Page 329 and 330:
IUCN Red Listed Species Description
Page 331 and 332:
Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
Page 333 and 334:
and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
Page 337 and 338:
Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
Page 339 and 340:
If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
Page 341 and 342:
• Improve research work on wildli
Page 343 and 344:
• Development Partners (donors) a
Page 345 and 346:
Sustainable Development of the Prot
Page 347 and 348:
I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
Page 350:
Publication Financially Supported b
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