Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Sillero-Zubiri, C., Tattersall, F.H. and MacDonald, D.W. 1995. Bale Mountains rodent communities and their relevance to the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). African Journal of Ecology, 33: 301-320. Tadesse, M. 1986. Some medical plants of southern Shewa and south-western Ethiopia. Sinet: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 9 (suppl.): 143-167. Uhlig, S.K. 1988. Mountain forests and the upper tree limit on the southeastern plateau of Ethiopia. Mountain Research and Development, 8: 227-234. Uhlig, S.K. and Uhlig, K. 1991. Studies on the altitudinal zonation of forests and alpine plants in the central Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. Mountain Research and Development,11: 153-156. Van der Maarel, 1979. Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effect on community similarity. Vegetation, 39: 97-114. Walter, H. and Medina, E. 1969. Die Bodentemperatur als ausschlaggebender Faktor fuer die Gliederung der subalpinen und alpinen Stufe in den Anden Venezuelas Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, 82: 275-281. Weinert, E. 1981. Vegetation in Bale Mountains near Goba S. Ethiopia. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift Universitaet Halle, 32: 41-67. Weinert, E. and Mazurek, A. 1984. Notes on vegetation and soil in Bale province of Ethiopia. Feddes Repertorium, 95: 373-380. Wesche, K. 2002. The high-altitude environment of Mt. Elgon (Uganda/ Kenya) – Climate, vegetation and the impact of fire. Ecotropical Monographs, 2: 1-253. Wesche, K., Miehe, G. And Kaeppelli, M. 2000. The significance of fire for afroalpine Ericaceous vegetation. Mountain Research and Development, 20: 340-347. Woldu, Z., Feoli, E. and Nigatu, L. 1989. Partitioning an elevation gradient of vegetation from Southeastern Ethiopia by probabilistic methods. Vegetatio, 81: 189-198. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 170
Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Under Pressure of Global Change? Hilde Eggermont 1,2 , Melaku Wondafrash 3 , Kay Van Damme 1 , Luc Lens 4 , and Mohammed Umer 5 1 Limnology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium 2 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Freshwater Biology, Vautierstraat, 1000 Brussel, Belgium 3 National Herbarium of Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4 Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium 5 Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Introduction In mountain regions, there are few human settlements and little agricultural activity. These are cold environments hostile to human occupation, widely regarded as places where the air is clean, water is pure and ecosystems are pristine. Yet, nowadays, mountain regions are no longer untouched. Pollutants (e.g., acids, fly ash particles and persistent organics pollutants or POPs) from urban centers and from industrial activity far from the mountains themselves are carried to such regions by the atmosphere and the concentrations of pollutants can be enhanced by the mountain environment itself causing damage to sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Fernandez et al. 2005). Now, climate change brings an added threat, especially as temperature is increasing more rapidly in mountain regions than in the lowlands (Diaz and Bradley 1997). In mountain lakes, global warming not only threatens biodiversity directly, for example by causing a reduction in the habitats available for cold stenothermic taxa, but also indirectly by modifying the behaviour of pollutants and in some cases by remobilising previously deposited pollutants. The hydrochemical characteristics, simple food webs and relatively low biodiversity of (remote) mountain lakes are believed to make them excellent early-warning systems for global environmental change (e.g., Psenner and Schmidt 1992; Sommaruga-Wögrath et al. 1997; Skjelkvale and Wright 1998; Battarbee et al. 2002). Environmental change in many tropical alpine habitats remains poorly resolved due to an absence of proximate and sustained observations (Panizzo et al. 2007). In contrast to long-term monitoring records (including documentary evidence) from alpine regions in temperate latitudes (e.g., Psenner and Schmidt 1992; Koinig et al. 1998, 2002; Lotter and Bigler 2000; Battarbee et al. 2002), there is a paucity of similar datasets in tropical alpine regions in Africa. As alpine environments like the East African Highlands are hotspots of biodiversity and highly sensitive to climatic changes occurring on a global scale, high quality paleoenvironmental records from African lakes are especially important (Umer et al. 2007; Russell et al. 2009; Tiercelin et al. 2008; Eggermont et al. 2010). The Bale Mountains of south-central Ethiopia form the largest continuous area above 3000 m in Africa, supporting the most extensive area of Afroalpine and subalpine Ericaceous vegetation <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 171
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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Page 129 and 130: The Bale Mountains National Park is
Page 131 and 132: The ground-truthing points made up
Page 133 and 134: Table 2. Table showing the area for
Page 135 and 136: Table 5. Description of patchiness
Page 137 and 138: Acknowledgments This study was fund
Page 139 and 140: Characteristics and Origins of Glad
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1. Map with the approximate
Page 143 and 144: Table 1. Main characteristics of th
Page 145 and 146: Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
Page 147 and 148: Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
Page 149 and 150: There might be some evidence for th
Page 151 and 152: Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
Page 153 and 154: Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
Page 155 and 156: the loss of natural forests due to
Page 157 and 158: Results Fire extent and frequency A
Page 159 and 160: Soil type Over 50% of the total num
Page 161 and 162: Distance to settlements The frequen
Page 163 and 164: than expected given there available
Page 165 and 166: MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
Page 167 and 168: among seasons are usually only a fe
Page 169 and 170: In contrast to the northern highlan
Page 171 and 172: Table 1. The distribution, species
Page 173 and 174: it was absent from the central subz
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Population structure of t
Page 177: Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
Page 181 and 182: occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
Page 183 and 184: Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
Page 185 and 186: total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
Page 187 and 188: Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
Page 189 and 190: Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
Page 191 and 192: As more literature seeks to explore
Page 193 and 194: Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
Page 197 and 198: 2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
Page 199 and 200: 3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
Page 201 and 202: accruing to households. Although no
Page 203 and 204: Acknowledgements This study was mad
Page 205 and 206: Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
Page 207 and 208: evidence that low levels of grazing
Page 209 and 210: wildlife, especially the mountain n
Page 211 and 212: and control sites (areas where live
Page 213 and 214: several of the Bale ecosystem compo
Page 215 and 216: Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
Page 217 and 218: their hives. Hive and tree types we
Page 219 and 220: HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
Page 221 and 222: Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
Page 223 and 224: data recorded by the Development Ag
Page 225 and 226: Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
Page 227 and 228: Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
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(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
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BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
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Park Operations Programme This prog
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according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
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Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
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at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
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Benefits The implementation of such
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or meet the minimum costs necessary
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Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
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across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
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What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
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IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
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Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
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If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
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• Improve research work on wildli
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• Development Partners (donors) a
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Sustainable Development of the Prot
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I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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