Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Conclusion Feasibility analyses show that a BMNP REDD project is both technically and financial feasible. It has been demonstrated that this project can deal with the many potential technical concerns surrounding Protected Areas and carbon financing specifically, such as additionality, leakage and community benefits. The economic analyses also shows that not only has such a project the ability to meet the costs needed to conserve the forest but also has the potential to generate significant funds for other park management programmes and even has the potential to generate optimal and critical funding requirements for GMP implementation depending on the scenario, as well as being able to generate substantial revenue share. Lastly, a market assessment has shown that historically there is an increasing market for REDD projects (albeit a sudden decrease in the previous year) and an integrated park and Eco-region REDD project would be highly competitive both in the market place and for pricing. As a result of the overwhelming positive potential outcomes from these analyses, EWCA and OFWE are now under serous discussions with support from FZS and FA/SOS on how to further develop and implement such an integrated REDD project. References Brown, S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests, a primer. FAO Forestry paper 134, FAO, Rome Brown, S. and Lugo, A.E. 1992. Aboveground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the Brazilian Amazon. Interciencia, 17: 8-18 Chomitz, K.M., Buys, P., De Luca, G., Thomas, T.S., and Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S. 2007. At Loggerheads? Agricultural Expansion, Poverty Reduction, and Environment in the Tropics. Washington DC, World Bank Emerton, L., Bishop, J. and Thomas, L. 2006. Sustainable Financing of Protected Areas: A global review of challenges and options. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. FAO 2003. Wood Volume and Woody Biomass: Review of FRA 2000 Estimates. FAO Forestry Resources Assessment Programme, working paper: 68. Rome, FAO Hairiah, K., Sitompul, S.M., van Noordwijk, M. and Palm, C. 2001. Methods for Sampling CarbonStocks Above and Below Ground. ASB Lecture Series Note 4B, Bogor, Indonesia, InternationalCenter for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) IPCC 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Solomon, S.,D. qin,M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B.M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)). Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996pp IPCC 2003. Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Kanagawa, Japan Kinahan, A.A. 2009. A Carbon Financing Business Strategy for the Bale Mountains National Park. Technical Report, FZS/BMNP Publication. Kinahan A.A. 2011. A strategic 5 year Business and Financial Management Plan for the Bale Mountains National Park. FZS/BMNP publication. Moore, J., Balmford, A., Allnut, T., Burgess, N.D. 2004. Integrating costs into conservation planning <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 304
across Africa. Biological Conservation, 117: 343–350 Scherl, L.M., Wilson, A., Wild, R., Blockhus, J., Franks, P., McNeely, J. and McShane, T.O. 2004. Can Protected Areas Contribute to Poverty Reduction? Opportunities and Limitations. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Sohngen, B. and Brown, S. 2004. Measuring leakage from carbon projects in open economies: A stop timber harvesting project in Bolivia as a case study. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research, 34: 669-674 Teshome, E., and Kinahan, A.A., 2008. The Changing Face of the Bale Mountains National Park over 32 years: A study on land cover change. Technical Report. FZS/BMNP Publication. Tomich, T.P., Cattaneo, A., Chater, S., Geist, H.J., Gockowski, J., Kaimowitz, D., Lambin, E.,Lewis, J., Ndoye, O., Palm, C., Stolle, F., Sunderlin, W.D., Valentim, J.F., Noordwijk, M.V., and Vosti, S.A. 2005. Balancing Agricultural Development and Environmental Objectives: Assessing Tradeoffs in the Humid Tropics. In: Slash-and-Burn Agriculture: The Search for Alternatives. (Palm, C., Vosti, S.A., Sanchez, P., and Ericksen, P.J. (eds)) pp. 415-440. New York, Colombia University Press. Watson, C, Zeleke, S and Kinahan A.A. 2008. Baseline studies on carbon storage and its economic potential in the Harenna Forest Bale Mountains National Park. Technical Report, FZS/ BMNP Publication. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 305
Page 1 and 2:
Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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and managing natural resources and
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The Bale Mountains National Park is
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The ground-truthing points made up
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Table 2. Table showing the area for
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Table 5. Description of patchiness
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Acknowledgments This study was fund
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Characteristics and Origins of Glad
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Figure 1. Map with the approximate
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Table 1. Main characteristics of th
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Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
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Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
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There might be some evidence for th
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Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
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Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
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the loss of natural forests due to
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Results Fire extent and frequency A
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Soil type Over 50% of the total num
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Distance to settlements The frequen
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than expected given there available
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MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
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among seasons are usually only a fe
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In contrast to the northern highlan
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Table 1. The distribution, species
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it was absent from the central subz
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Figure 2. Population structure of t
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Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
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Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
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occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
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Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
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total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
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Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
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Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
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As more literature seeks to explore
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Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
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Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
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2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
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3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
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accruing to households. Although no
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Acknowledgements This study was mad
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Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
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evidence that low levels of grazing
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wildlife, especially the mountain n
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and control sites (areas where live
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several of the Bale ecosystem compo
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Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
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their hives. Hive and tree types we
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HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
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Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
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data recorded by the Development Ag
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Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
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Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
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(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
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BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
Page 261 and 262: Park Operations Programme This prog
Page 263 and 264: according to its core vision and pr
Page 265 and 266: People in National Parks - Joint Na
Page 267 and 268: pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
Page 269 and 270: of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
Page 271 and 272: have experience in the implementati
Page 273 and 274: 2004) or conservation and livelihoo
Page 275 and 276: • The redefinition of protected a
Page 277 and 278: Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
Page 279 and 280: aspects of these factors, including
Page 281 and 282: ecorded as “point vegetation” f
Page 283 and 284: Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
Page 285 and 286: Table 3. Distance from road at whic
Page 287 and 288: Transmission risk Clearly, disease
Page 289 and 290: Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
Page 291 and 292: however continues to rise and in 19
Page 293 and 294: Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
Page 295 and 296: the past 5 years tourism activities
Page 297 and 298: assist with implementation of the t
Page 299 and 300: An increase in tourism investment i
Page 301 and 302: at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
Page 303 and 304: Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
Page 305 and 306: emains. The more recently coined RE
Page 307 and 308: Benefits The implementation of such
Page 309 and 310: or meet the minimum costs necessary
Page 311: Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
Page 315 and 316: sets, extract relevant bits of info
Page 317 and 318: What to Monitor? The question of wh
Page 319 and 320: scale as a balance where one side r
Page 321 and 322: through existing databases not only
Page 323 and 324: The moral of these stories are that
Page 325 and 326: anger based monitoring system is a
Page 327 and 328: spatial and temporal extent of the
Page 329 and 330: IUCN Red Listed Species Description
Page 331 and 332: Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
Page 333 and 334: and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
Page 335 and 336: http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
Page 337 and 338: Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
Page 339 and 340: If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
Page 341 and 342: • Improve research work on wildli
Page 343 and 344: • Development Partners (donors) a
Page 345 and 346: Sustainable Development of the Prot
Page 347 and 348: I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
Page 350: Publication Financially Supported b
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