Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Religious and cultural values are fundamental to forest conservation in other parts of Ethiopia, and the findings in the Harenna suggest there may be similar influences here. Acknowledgements This article is based on the BSc thesis at the University of Aberdeen “Origin of peri-forest grasslands in the Harenna forest, Ethiopia” written in 2006 by Giovanni Chiodi, under the supervision of Prof. David Robinson. Data were collected during the Twin Gardens Expedition 2006, organized jointly with the Darwin Initiative monitoring project in the Harenna forest and the BMNP, and endorsed by the University of Aberdeen, the Royal Geographical Society, the Gilchrist Educational Trust, the Mount Everest Foundation, the Albert Reckitt Charitable Trust, the Frederick Soddy Trust, the Gordon Foundation, and the Duke of Edinburgh. Team members were Giovanni Chiodi, Brigid Le Fevre, Andrew Burns and Laura Evenstar, locally supported by Kemal Mohammed, Issa Mohammed, Aliji Balda, Mesfin and Quasim. Expedition reports are available at the Royal Geographical Society, London. References Backeus, I. 1992. Distribution and vegetation dynamics of humid savannas in Africa and Asia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 3: 345-356 Backeus, I. 1993. Ecotone versus ecocline: vegetation zonation and dynamics around a small reservoir in Tanzania. Journal of Biogeography, 20: 209-218 Chauvel, A., Walker, I. and Lucas, Y. 1996. Sedimentation and pedogenesis in a Central Amazonian black water basin. Biogeochemistry, 33: 77-95 FAO, 2001. Lecture Notes on the Major Soils of the World. World Soils Resources Report No 94. FAO, Rome, Italy. Hillman, J. C. 1988. Bale Mountains National Park Management Plan. Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organisation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Nigatu, L. and Tadesse, M. 1989. An Ecological Study of the Vegetation of the Harenna Forest, Bale, Ethiopia. SINET, 12 (1):63-93 Shoji, S., Nanzyo, M., and Dahlgren, R. A. 1993. Volcanic Ash Soils-Genesis, Properties and Utilization. Developments in Soil Science No 21. 288pp. Elsvier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. USDA 1999. Soil Taxonomy- A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. 871pp. USDA, Washinghton, USA. Woldu, Z., Feoli, E. and Nigatu, L. 1989. Partitioning an elevation gradient of vegetation from southern Ethiopia by probabilistic methods. Vegetation, 81: 189-1. Yalden, D. W. 1988 Small mammals in the Harenna Forest, Bale Mountains National Park. Sinet: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 11(1): 41-53. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 142
Appendix 1. Attributes for soil profiles at each of the nine study glades with paired adjacent forest. Shifa (altitude 2386 m) Site Depth Horizon Boundary Colour Texture Structure Roots Water Conditions Drainage Notes Evident bioturbation (tunneling) resulting in patches of different structure and drainage Crumb Occasional Dry Aerobic Sandy Clay Loam Glade 13 A Clear 10YR 4/3 Aerobic Dry and Moist (patches) Rare Crumb and Massive (patches) >13 B 10YR 4/3 Sandy Clay 4 O Clear 10 At Diffuse 5YR 3/3 Forest Crumb Abundant Dry Aerobic Bioturbation (tunneling) Weakly Aerobic Weakly Aerobic Crumb Occasional Moist Silty Clay Loam Silty Clay Loam Silty Clay Loam 35 Bt1 Diffuse 5YR 3/2 Crumb Occasional Moist 7.5YR 3/2 >35 Bt2 Arrawa (altitude 2390 m) Water Site Depth Horizon Boundary Colour Texture Structure Roots Drainage Notes Conditions Silty Clay Glade 13 At Clear 5YR 4/3 Crumb Abundant Dry Aerobic Frequent tunneling Loam Crumb Frequent Moist Aerobic Silty Clay Loam 7.5YR 4/3 77 Bt Clear Very frequent nodules and pellets in clayley matrix; evident stratification, thin layers of grey clay with thicker layers with very frequent nodules of various colour (black, yellow, red, purple) in both coating and section; Sandy Clay Crumb Rare Moist Weakly Aerobic 10YR 3/4 >77 Bn Kella (altitude 2398 m) Drainage Notes Water Conditions Site Depth Horizon Boundary Colour Texture Structure Roots Crumb Dominant Dry Aerobic Silty Clay Loam 10YR 4/4 10 A Clear Glade Evident bioturbation (tunneling) resulting in patches of different structure and drainage Aerobic/Weakly Aerobic Dry/Moist Frequent up to 35cm then rare Crumb and Massive (patches) Sandy Clay Loam 10YR 4/3 >10 Bt Crumb Dominant Dry Aerobic Silty Clay Loam 7.5YR 3/2 Forest 5 A Clear Texture changes sensibly by adding water: sand becomes clay Silty Clay Crumb/Massive Abundant Dry Aerobic 10YR 4/3 90 Bt1 Diffuse Sandy Clay Massive Rare Moist Weakly Aerobic 10YR 3/4 >90 Bt2 <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 143
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
Page 99 and 100: Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
Page 101 and 102: to just two montane sites in Harenn
Page 103 and 104: used for comparison. The study reve
Page 105 and 106: Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
Page 107 and 108: of the alpine vegetation have been
Page 109 and 110: Observers located each point by GPS
Page 111 and 112: Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
Page 113 and 114: other, and class N from O, because
Page 115 and 116: J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
Page 117 and 118: Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
Page 119 and 120: A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
Page 121 and 122: A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
Page 123 and 124: elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
Page 125 and 126: Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
Page 127 and 128: and managing natural resources and
Page 129 and 130: The Bale Mountains National Park is
Page 131 and 132: The ground-truthing points made up
Page 133 and 134: Table 2. Table showing the area for
Page 135 and 136: Table 5. Description of patchiness
Page 137 and 138: Acknowledgments This study was fund
Page 139 and 140: Characteristics and Origins of Glad
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1. Map with the approximate
Page 143 and 144: Table 1. Main characteristics of th
Page 145 and 146: Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
Page 147 and 148: Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
Page 149: There might be some evidence for th
Page 153 and 154: Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
Page 155 and 156: the loss of natural forests due to
Page 157 and 158: Results Fire extent and frequency A
Page 159 and 160: Soil type Over 50% of the total num
Page 161 and 162: Distance to settlements The frequen
Page 163 and 164: than expected given there available
Page 165 and 166: MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
Page 167 and 168: among seasons are usually only a fe
Page 169 and 170: In contrast to the northern highlan
Page 171 and 172: Table 1. The distribution, species
Page 173 and 174: it was absent from the central subz
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Population structure of t
Page 177 and 178: Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
Page 179 and 180: Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
Page 181 and 182: occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
Page 183 and 184: Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
Page 185 and 186: total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
Page 187 and 188: Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
Page 189 and 190: Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
Page 191 and 192: As more literature seeks to explore
Page 193 and 194: Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
Page 197 and 198: 2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
Page 199 and 200: 3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
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accruing to households. Although no
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Acknowledgements This study was mad
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Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
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evidence that low levels of grazing
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wildlife, especially the mountain n
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and control sites (areas where live
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several of the Bale ecosystem compo
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Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
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their hives. Hive and tree types we
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HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
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Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
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data recorded by the Development Ag
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Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
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Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
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(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
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BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
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Park Operations Programme This prog
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according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
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Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
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at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
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Benefits The implementation of such
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or meet the minimum costs necessary
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Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
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across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
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What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
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IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
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Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
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If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
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• Improve research work on wildli
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• Development Partners (donors) a
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Sustainable Development of the Prot
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I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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