Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Esser, K., Vagen, T. G., Tilahun, Y. and Haile, M. 2002. Soil Conservation in Tigray, Ethiopia. Noragric Report No. 5. Agricultural University of Norway, Norway, p. 21. Flowerdew, J. R. and Ellwood, S. A. 2001. Impacts of woodland deer on small mammal ecology. Forestry, 74: 277-287. Gebremeskel, K. and Pieterse, P. J. 2006. Impact of grazing around a watering point on soil status of a semi-arid rangeland in Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology, 45: 72-79. Grant, W. E., Birney, E. C., French, N. R. and Swift, D. M. 1982. Structure and productivity of grassland small mammal communities related to grazing-induced changes in vegetative cover. Journal of Mammalogy, 63: 248-260. Haileslassie, A., Priess, J., Veldkamp, E., Teketay, D. and Lensschen, J. P. 2005. Assessment of soil nutrient depletion and its spatial variability on smallholders’ mixed farming systems in Ethiopia using partial versus full nutrient balances. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 108: 1-16. Hanley, T. A. and Page, J. L. 1980. Differential effects of livestock use on habitat structure and rodent populations in Great Basin communities. Californian Fish and Game, 68: 160-174. Happold, D. C. D. 1995. The interactions between humans and mammals in Africa in relation to conservation: a review. Biodiversity and Conservation, 4: 395-414. Harper, J. L. 1969. The roles of predation in vegetational diversity. Brookhaven Symposium of Biology, 22: 48-62. Hewson, R. 1982. The effect upon field vole (Microtus agrestis) habitat on removing sheep from moorland in west Scotland. Journal of Zoology, 197: 304-307. Hiernaux, P. 1998. Effects of grazing on plant species composition and spatial distribution in rangelands of the Sahel. Plant Ecology, 138: 191-202. Hillman, J. C. 1986. Bale Mountains National Park Management Plan. Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organisation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Humphreys, L. R. 1991. Tropical Pasture Utilization, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Huntly, N. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 22: 477-503. Hurni, H. 1990. Degradation and conservation of soil resources in the Ethiopian highlands. Mountain Research and Development, 8: 123-130. Jacobs, M. J. and Schloeder, C. A. 1993. Awash National Park Management Plan: 1993–1997. EWCO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Jacobs, M. J. and Schloeder, C. A. 2001. Impacts of Conflict on Biodiversity and Protected Areas in Ethiopia, Washington, D.C, Biodiversity Support Program. Jones, A. L. and Longland, W. S. 1999. Effects of cattle grazing on salt desert rodent communities. The American Midland Naturalist, 141: 1-11. Keesing, F. and Crawford, T. 2001. Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 17: 465-472. McNaughton, S. J. 1979. Grazing as an optimization process: grass-ungulate relationships in the Serengeti. American Naturalist, 113: 691-703. Milchunas, D. G. and Lauenroth, W. K. 1993. quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecological Monographs, 63: 327-366. Mwendera, E. J. and Saleem, M. A. M. 1997. Hydrologic response to cattle grazing in the Ethiopian highlands. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 64: 33-41. Mwendera, E. J., Saleem, M. A. M. and Woldu, Z. 1997. Vegetation response to cattle grazing in the Ethiopian highlands. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 64: 43-51. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 206
Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969. The effect of grazing by sea urchins, Srongylocentrotus spp., on benthic algal populations. Limnology and Oceanography, 14: 710-719. Rhodes, B. D. and Sharrow, S. H. 1990. Effects of grazing by sheep on the quantity and quality of forage available to big game in Oregon’s coast range. Journal of Range Management, 43:235-237. Salafsky, N., Margoluis, R., Redford, K. H. and Robinson, J. G. 2002. Improving the practice of conservation: a conceptual framework and research agenda for conservation science. Conservation Biology, 16: 1469-1479. Samson, D. A., Philippi, T. E. and Davidson, D. W. 1992. Granivory and competition as determinants of annual plant diversity in the Chihuahuan desert. Oikos, 65: 61-80. Sillero-Zuberi, C. and Macdonald, D. 1997. The Ethiopian Wolf- Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, Gland, Switzerland, IUCN Canid <strong>Special</strong>ist Group. Sillero-Zubiri, C. and Gottelli, D. 1995. Diet and feeding behavior of Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis). Journal of Mammalogy, 76: 531-541. Sillero-Zubiri, C., Tattersall, F. H. and Macdonald, D. W. 1995a. Bale Mountains rodent communities and their relevance to the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). African Journal of Ecology, 33: 301-320. Sillero-Zubiri, C., Tattersall, F. H. and Macdonald, D. W. 1995b. Habitat selection and daily activity of giant molerats Tachyoryctes macrocephalus: significance to the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis in the Afroalpine ecosystem. Biological Conservation, 72: 77-84. Steen, H., Mysterud, A. and Austrheim, G. 2005. Sheep grazing and rodent populations: evidence of negative interactions from a landscape scale experiment. Oecologia, 143: 357-364. Stephens, P. A., d’Sa, C. A., Sillero-Zubiri, C. and Leader-Williams, N. 2001. Impact of livestock and settlement on the large mammalian wildlife of Bale Mountains National Park, southern Ethiopia. Biological Conservation, 100: 307-322. Tallents, L. 2007. Determinants of Reproductive Success in Ethiopian Wolves. DPhil thesis: University of Oxford, Oxford, England. Tokeshi, M. 1999. Species coexistence: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives, Oxford, Blackwell. Waser, N. M. and Price, M. V. 1981. Effects of grazing on diversity of annual plants in the Sonoran desert. Oecologia, 50: 407-411. Weickert, C. C., Whittaker, J. C. and Feldhamer, G. A. 2001. Effects of enclosed large ungulates on small mammals at land between the lakes, Kentucky. Canadian Field Naturalist, 115: 247- 250. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 207
Page 1 and 2:
Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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and managing natural resources and
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The Bale Mountains National Park is
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The ground-truthing points made up
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Table 2. Table showing the area for
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Table 5. Description of patchiness
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Acknowledgments This study was fund
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Characteristics and Origins of Glad
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Figure 1. Map with the approximate
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Table 1. Main characteristics of th
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Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
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Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
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There might be some evidence for th
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Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
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Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
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the loss of natural forests due to
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Results Fire extent and frequency A
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Soil type Over 50% of the total num
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Distance to settlements The frequen
Page 163 and 164: than expected given there available
Page 165 and 166: MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
Page 167 and 168: among seasons are usually only a fe
Page 169 and 170: In contrast to the northern highlan
Page 171 and 172: Table 1. The distribution, species
Page 173 and 174: it was absent from the central subz
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Population structure of t
Page 177 and 178: Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
Page 179 and 180: Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
Page 181 and 182: occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
Page 183 and 184: Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
Page 185 and 186: total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
Page 187 and 188: Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
Page 189 and 190: Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
Page 191 and 192: As more literature seeks to explore
Page 193 and 194: Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
Page 197 and 198: 2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
Page 199 and 200: 3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
Page 201 and 202: accruing to households. Although no
Page 203 and 204: Acknowledgements This study was mad
Page 205 and 206: Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
Page 207 and 208: evidence that low levels of grazing
Page 209 and 210: wildlife, especially the mountain n
Page 211 and 212: and control sites (areas where live
Page 213: several of the Bale ecosystem compo
Page 217 and 218: their hives. Hive and tree types we
Page 219 and 220: HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
Page 221 and 222: Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
Page 223 and 224: data recorded by the Development Ag
Page 225 and 226: Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
Page 227 and 228: Producers As reported previously, b
Page 229 and 230: The above figure shows the various
Page 231 and 232: (6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
Page 233 and 234: The Distribution, Properties and Us
Page 235 and 236: preliminary data. From the prelimin
Page 237 and 238: Figure 1. Map of the southern part
Page 239 and 240: Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
Page 241 and 242: Tabalas are used for healing purpos
Page 243 and 244: Cultural value and history The use
Page 245 and 246: (Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
Page 247 and 248: Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
Page 249 and 250: Villages using the hora Animals vis
Page 251 and 252: General Management Planning for the
Page 253 and 254: BMNP Management History Since its i
Page 255 and 256: effectively and efficiently impleme
Page 257 and 258: Problems and Issues A problems and
Page 259 and 260: understood threats were also identi
Page 261 and 262: Park Operations Programme This prog
Page 263 and 264: according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
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Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
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at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
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Benefits The implementation of such
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or meet the minimum costs necessary
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Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
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across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
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What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
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IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
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Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
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If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
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• Improve research work on wildli
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• Development Partners (donors) a
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Sustainable Development of the Prot
Page 347 and 348:
I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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