Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Simocephalus brehmi ). Unlike Löffler, we found the species composition, diversity and abundance to differ among sites (freshwater lakes with well-developed macrophyt beds were found to be the most diverse) and seasons (dry season typified by a lower species number and presence of resting eggs). Interestingly, the plankton was found to exhibit very heavy pigmentation, likely induced as an adaptation to harmful uV-B waves. Basically all paleolimnological analyses on the Garba Guracha short cores are still ongoing. Results will become available shortly. Environmental Implications Mountains provide life-sustaining water for most regions of the world. The critical function of mountains as seasonal of longer-term water storage implies that climatic and other environmental changes in the world’s mountains will have a large impact, not only on those immediate regions, but for a much greater area as well. In essence, mountain regions provide a discreet quantifiable domain where relatively small perturbations in global processes, can cascade down to produce large changes in most or all of the myriad interdependent mountain systems, from its hydrological cycle to its complex fauna and flora, and the people that depend on those resources. Since our study will throw light on aquatic ecosystem health and resilience of Bale Mountain lakes to global change effects, it will strengthen the capacity of researchers, park managers, other government agents and local people to protect native species and natural resources. In economic terms, the Bale Mountains has the potential to attract large numbers of people in search of opportunities for recreation and tourism (Admasu et al. this edition). By guiding conservation practices and ecotourism, our study can help to maintain the region’s biodiversity, beauty and economic value. Acknowledgements This research was sponsored by the Fund for Scientific Research (Flanders, Belgium, project G0528.07), the Leopold III fund for Nature Exploration, and the Belgian Science Policy Action 1. Fieldwork was conducted under Ethiopia Wildlife Authority permit. We thank all people involved in the fieldwork, in particular the staff from Frankfurt Zoological Society – Bale Mountains Conservation Project. References Battarbee R.W., Thompson, R. Catalan, J. Grytnes J.A. and Birks, H.J.B. 2002. Climate variability and ecosystem dynamics of remote alpine and arctic lakes: the MOLAR Project. Journal of Paleolimnology, 28: 1-6. Diaz, H.F. and Bradley, R.S.1997. Temperature variations during the last century at high elevation sites. Climatic change, 36: 253-279. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 178
Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schettler, G Van Damme, K. Bessems, I. and Verschuren, D. 2007. Physical and chemical limnology of alpine lakes and pools in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda-DR Congo). Hydrobiologia, 592: 151-173. Eggermont H., Verschuren, D. Audenaert, L. Lens, L. Russell, J. Klaassen, G. and Heiri, O. 2010. Limnological and ecological sensitivity of Rwenzori mountain lakes to climate warming, In Global Change Impacts on Mountain Lakes (H. Eggermont, M. Kernan, K. Martens (eds)). <strong>Special</strong> Issue, Hydrobiologia, 648: 123-142. Fernandez P., Carrera, G. and Grimalt, J.O. 2005. Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater lakes. Aquatic sciences, 67: 263-273. Friis I., 1996. Zonation of the forest vegetation of the South Slope of Bale Mts, South Ethiopia. Sinet, an Ethiopian Journal of Science, 9: 29-44. Gobena, H., M. Belayneh, T. Kebede, D. Tesfaye and A. Abraham, 1996. Geology of the Dodola area. Memoir 10, Geological survey of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. Gobena H., M. Belayneh, T. Kebede and S. Tesfaye, 1998. Mapsheet NB-37-7. Dodola, Scale 1/250 000. Geological Survey of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. Guilford S.J. and R.E. Hecky, 2000. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans: is there a common relationship? Limnology and Oceanography 45: 1213-1223. Hedberg O., 1951. Vegetation belts of the East African mountains. Results of the Swedish East African expedition. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 45: 1-144. Hedberg O., 1955. Altitudinal zonation of the vegetation on the East African mountains. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 165: 134-136. Kingdon J., 1990. Island Africa: The Evolution of Africa’s Rare Animal and Plants. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Koinig K.A., R. Schmidt, S. Sommaruga-Wögrath, R. Tessadri and R. Psenner, 1998. Climate change as the primary cause for pH shifts in a high arctic lake. Water Air Soil Pollution, 104: 167–180. Koinig K.A., C. Kamenik, R. Schmidt, A. Augusti-Panareda, P. Appleby, A. Lami, M. Prazakova, N. Rose, O.A. Schnell, R. Tessardi, R. Thompson and R. Psenner, 2002. Environmental changes in an alpine lake over the last two centuries-the influence of air temperature on biological parameters. Journal of Paleolimnoly, 28:147–160. Löffler H., 1978. Limnology and paleolimnological data on the Bale Mountain lakes. Verh. International. Verein. Limnology, 20: 1131-1138. Lotter A.F. and C. Bigler, 2000. Do diatoms in the Swiss Alps reflect the length if ice-cover? Aquatic Sciences, 62:125–141. Miehe S and G. Miehe, 1994. Ericaceous Forest and Heatlands in the Bale Mountains of South Ethiopia. Ecology and Man’s Impact. T. Warnke Verlag, Hamburg. Mohr P.A., 1971. The Geology of Ethiopia. University Press, Addis Ababa. Panizzo, V.N., A.W. Mackay, I. Ssemmanda, R. Taylor, N. Rose and M.J. Leng, 2007. A 140-year record of recent changes in aquatic productivity in a remote, tropical alpine lake in the Rwenzori Mountains National Park. Journal of Paleolimnology DOI 10.1007/s10933-007- 9163-5. Psenner R and R. Schmidt, 1992. Climate-driven pH control of remote alpine lakes and effects of acid deposition. Nature, 356:781–783. Skjelkvale B.L. and R.F. Wright, 1998. Sensitivity to acid deposition and global climate change. Ambio, 27: 280-286. Sommaruga-Wögrath S., K.A. Koinig, R. Schmidt, R. Sommaruga, R. Tessadri and R. Psenner, 1997. Temperature effects on the acidity of remote alpine lakes. Nature, 386: 64-67. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 179
Page 1 and 2:
Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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and managing natural resources and
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The Bale Mountains National Park is
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The ground-truthing points made up
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Table 2. Table showing the area for
Page 135 and 136: Table 5. Description of patchiness
Page 137 and 138: Acknowledgments This study was fund
Page 139 and 140: Characteristics and Origins of Glad
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1. Map with the approximate
Page 143 and 144: Table 1. Main characteristics of th
Page 145 and 146: Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
Page 147 and 148: Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
Page 149 and 150: There might be some evidence for th
Page 151 and 152: Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
Page 153 and 154: Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
Page 155 and 156: the loss of natural forests due to
Page 157 and 158: Results Fire extent and frequency A
Page 159 and 160: Soil type Over 50% of the total num
Page 161 and 162: Distance to settlements The frequen
Page 163 and 164: than expected given there available
Page 165 and 166: MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
Page 167 and 168: among seasons are usually only a fe
Page 169 and 170: In contrast to the northern highlan
Page 171 and 172: Table 1. The distribution, species
Page 173 and 174: it was absent from the central subz
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Population structure of t
Page 177 and 178: Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
Page 179 and 180: Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
Page 181 and 182: occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
Page 183 and 184: Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
Page 185: total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
Page 189 and 190: Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
Page 191 and 192: As more literature seeks to explore
Page 193 and 194: Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
Page 197 and 198: 2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
Page 199 and 200: 3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
Page 201 and 202: accruing to households. Although no
Page 203 and 204: Acknowledgements This study was mad
Page 205 and 206: Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
Page 207 and 208: evidence that low levels of grazing
Page 209 and 210: wildlife, especially the mountain n
Page 211 and 212: and control sites (areas where live
Page 213 and 214: several of the Bale ecosystem compo
Page 215 and 216: Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
Page 217 and 218: their hives. Hive and tree types we
Page 219 and 220: HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
Page 221 and 222: Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
Page 223 and 224: data recorded by the Development Ag
Page 225 and 226: Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
Page 227 and 228: Producers As reported previously, b
Page 229 and 230: The above figure shows the various
Page 231 and 232: (6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
Page 233 and 234: The Distribution, Properties and Us
Page 235 and 236: preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
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BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
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Park Operations Programme This prog
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according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
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Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
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at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
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Benefits The implementation of such
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or meet the minimum costs necessary
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Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
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across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
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What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
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IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
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Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
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If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
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• Improve research work on wildli
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• Development Partners (donors) a
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Sustainable Development of the Prot
Page 347 and 348:
I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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