Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Governance and Employees • General Assembly – All members • Office Bearers of the General Assembly (3) • Board of Management (7) – Volunteers • Secretariat to run the day-to-day activities • Executive Director • Other salaried employees (22) • Structure of Employees • Sex ratio: 4 Females and 19 males • High level professionals (BSc, BA, MSc) – 11 • Medium level professionals (Diploma) – 4 • Non-professionals (< 12th grade ) – 8 Partnerships • BirdLife Partner in Ethiopia • One of the 12 full partners of BirdLife International in Africa • Member of Eastern Africa Environmental Network (EAEN) • Member of Horn of Africa Regional Environmental Network (HoA-REN) • Member of Central Rift Valley Working Group • Member of the Middle East –North Africa Migratory Birds Flyway Working Group • Works closely with relevant Government Institutions • Works in close collaboration with all like-minded conservation non-state actors Assets • Reputable image within the public domain • Dedicated staff members - work under high pressures and harsh conditions • Guided by a Strategic Plan developed and updated every five years • Operational Manuals and working documents in place – Financial Manual – Administration manual – Membership Policy and Strategy • Preparation of other operational documents is underway – Membership Action Plan – Communication Policy – Advocacy Policy – Fundraising policy • Resource Centre in place with best collections on ornithology and biodiversity conservation • <strong>Special</strong>ized in project development and management • Capable of implementing regional projects that involve multi-stakeholders • A hub for avifauna of Ethiopia • Has experience in Environmental Education and production of Environment-related promotional publications • Flexibility to assume different responsibilities is the unique feature of the Society Major Challenges • Lack of Appropriate Office Premises • Funding for sustaining core staff members and activities of the Society <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 334
• Development Partners (donors) are not usually comfortable to pay for overhead costs • Experienced Staff turnover (leave the Society for better opportunities) Active Projects • Forests for Food: the Debre Birhan Land Restoration and Food Security Project • Community - Based Wetland Management for Sustainable Livelihoods and Biodiversity Conservation • Abijata-Shalla Lakes National Park Site Support Group (SSG) Project • The Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Alliance (ESTA) Project • Trees for cities project • Saving the Threatened Endemic Birds of Southern Ethiopia: Birdfair Project Frankfurt Zoological Society Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS) is a German NGO that supports more than 80 conservation projects worldwide. For the last 150 years, FZS has been working to protect the diversity of species and ecosystems in partnership with and for people. FZS works in Africa, South America, South East Asia and Europe. In Ethiopia FZS currently has two Afro-Alpine projects; the Bale Mountains Conservation Project (FZS-BMCP) and the Afro-Alpine Ecosystem Conservation Project (FZS- AECP). FZS-BMCP was set up in 2005, to provide park support to the BMNP in all aspects of the park management - from eco-tourism development, outreach, sustainable natural resource use, park operations and ecological management. In March 2007 a 10-year General Management Plan for the park was ratified by the president of the Oromia region. FZS-BMCP is currently working in partnership with the BMNP and other authorities towards implementing this GMP. FZS-BMCP’s goals are: (i) to see the BMNP gazetted and listed as a natural world heritage site; (ii) to ensure all the tools are in place enabling the efficient management of the park; and (iii) to ensure the long term conservation of the unique biodiversity and beauty of the park, while also addressing the needs of communities. FZS-BMCP is financially support by the EU Afro-montane Conservation Project 2009-2013 To find out more about FZS-BMCP and other FZS projects visit www.fzs.org <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 335
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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and managing natural resources and
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The Bale Mountains National Park is
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The ground-truthing points made up
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Table 2. Table showing the area for
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Table 5. Description of patchiness
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Acknowledgments This study was fund
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Characteristics and Origins of Glad
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Figure 1. Map with the approximate
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Table 1. Main characteristics of th
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Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
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Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
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There might be some evidence for th
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Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
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Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
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the loss of natural forests due to
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Results Fire extent and frequency A
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Soil type Over 50% of the total num
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Distance to settlements The frequen
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than expected given there available
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MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
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among seasons are usually only a fe
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In contrast to the northern highlan
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Table 1. The distribution, species
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it was absent from the central subz
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Figure 2. Population structure of t
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Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
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Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
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occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
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Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
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total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
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Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
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Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
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As more literature seeks to explore
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Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
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Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
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2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
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3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
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accruing to households. Although no
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Acknowledgements This study was mad
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Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
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evidence that low levels of grazing
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wildlife, especially the mountain n
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and control sites (areas where live
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several of the Bale ecosystem compo
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Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
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their hives. Hive and tree types we
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HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
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Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
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data recorded by the Development Ag
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Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
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Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
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(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
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BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
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Park Operations Programme This prog
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according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
Page 291 and 292: however continues to rise and in 19
Page 293 and 294: Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
Page 295 and 296: the past 5 years tourism activities
Page 297 and 298: assist with implementation of the t
Page 299 and 300: An increase in tourism investment i
Page 301 and 302: at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
Page 303 and 304: Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
Page 305 and 306: emains. The more recently coined RE
Page 307 and 308: Benefits The implementation of such
Page 309 and 310: or meet the minimum costs necessary
Page 311 and 312: Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
Page 313 and 314: across Africa. Biological Conservat
Page 315 and 316: sets, extract relevant bits of info
Page 317 and 318: What to Monitor? The question of wh
Page 319 and 320: scale as a balance where one side r
Page 321 and 322: through existing databases not only
Page 323 and 324: The moral of these stories are that
Page 325 and 326: anger based monitoring system is a
Page 327 and 328: spatial and temporal extent of the
Page 329 and 330: IUCN Red Listed Species Description
Page 331 and 332: Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
Page 333 and 334: and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
Page 335 and 336: http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
Page 337 and 338: Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
Page 339 and 340: If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
Page 341: • Improve research work on wildli
Page 345 and 346: Sustainable Development of the Prot
Page 347 and 348: I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
Page 350: Publication Financially Supported b
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