Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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OARDB. 2007. Bale Mountains National Park General Management Plan. Oromia Agriculture and Rural Development Bureau, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Randall D.A. 2006. Determinants of genetic variation in the Ethiopian wolf, Canis simensis. D.Phil. dissertation, University of Oxford, UK. Randall, D.A., Williams, S.D., Kuzmin, I.V., Rupprecht, C.E., Tallents, L.A., Tefera, Z., Argaw, K., Shiferaw, F., Knobel, D.L., Sillero-Zubiri, C. and Laurenson, M.K. 2004. Rabies in endangered Ethiopian wolves. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10 (12): 2214-2217. Randall, D.A., Marino, J., Haydon, D.T., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Knobel, D.L., Tallents, L.A., Macdonald, D.W., Laurenson, M.K. 2006. An integrated disease management strategy for the control of rabies in Ethiopian wolves. Biological Conservation, 131: 151-162. Randall, D.A., Pollinger, J.P., Wayne, R.K., Tallents, L.A., Johnson, P.J., and Macdonald, D.W. 2007. Inbreeding is reduced by female-biased dispersal and mating behavior in Ethiopian wolves. Behavioral Ecology, 18: 579-589. Randall, D.A., Pollinger, J.P., Argaw, K, Macdonald, D.W., and Wayne, R.K. 2010. Fine scale genetic structure in Ethiopian wolves imposed by sociality and population bottlenecks. Conservation Genetics, 11: 89-102 Sillero-Zubiri, C., and Gottelli. D.1994. Canis simensis. Mammalian Species, 1-6. Sillero-Zubiri, C., and Gottelli, D. 1995a. Diet and feeding behavior of Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis). Journal of Mammalogy, 76:531-541. Sillero-Zubiri, C., and Gottelli, D. 1995b. Spatial organization in the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis: Large packs and small stable home ranges. Journal of Zoology London, 237:65-81. Sillero-Zubiri, C., Gottelli, D. and Macdonald, D.W. 1996a. Male philopatry, extra-pack copulations and inbreeding avoidance in Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 38: 331-340. Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and. Macdonald, D.W (Eds.). 2004. Canids: foxes, wolves, jackals and dogs: status survey and conservation action plan, second edition. IUCN Canid <strong>Special</strong>ist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Sillero-Zubiri, C., Johnson, P.J. and Macdonald, D.W. 1998. A hypothesis for breeding synchrony in Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis). Journal of Mammalogy, 79: 853-858. Sillero-Zubiri, C., King, A.A. and Macdonald, D.W. 1996b. Rabies and mortality in Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 32: 80-86. Sillero-Zubiri, C., and Macdonald, D.W. 1997. The Ethiopian wolf: status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Sillero-Zubiri, C., and Macdonald. D.W. 1998. Scent-marking and territorial behaviour of Ethiopian wolves Canis simensis. Journal of Zoology London, 245: 351-361. Sillero-Zubiri, C. and Marino, J. 2004. Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). Pp 167-174. In Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (Sillero- Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald, D.W. (Eds.)). Second edition. IUCN Canid <strong>Special</strong>ist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Sillero-Zubiri, C., Marino, J., Gottelli, D. and Macdonald, D.W. 2004. Afroalpine ecology, solitary foraging and intense sociality amongst Ethiopian wolves. In The Biology and Conservation of Canids (Macdonald, D.W., and Sillero-Zubiri, C. (Eds.)). Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 311-323 Sillero-Zubiri, C., Tattersall, F.H. and Macdonald, D.W. 1995a. Bale mountains rodent communities and their relevance to the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). African Journal of Ecology, 33: 301-320. Sillero-Zubiri, C., Tattersall, F.H. and Macdonald, D.W. 1995b. Habitat selection and daily activity of giant molerats Tachyoryctes macrocephalus: Significance to the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis in the Afroalpine ecosystem. Biological Conservation, 72: 77-84. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 78
Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Eds. 1997. Cooperative Breeding in Mammals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Tallents, L. A. 2007. Determinants of reproductive success in Ethiopian wolves. Oxford University, Oxford UK. Vila C, Amorim, I.A., and Leonard, J.A. 1999 Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography and population history of the grey wolf, Canis lupus. Molecular Ecology, 8: 2089-2103. Wayne, R., Geffen, E and Vila, C. 2004. Population and conservation genetics of canids. In The biology and conservation of canids. (Macdonald, D.W. and Sillero-Zubiri, C (Eds.)). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Pp 55-84 Wayne, R, and Gottelli, D. 1997. Systematics, population genetics and genetic management of the Ethiopian wolf. In The Ethiopian Wolf - Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. (Sillero-Zubiri, C and Macdonald, D.W. (Eds.)) IUCN/SSC Canid <strong>Special</strong>ist Group. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Pp. 43-50. Wolff J.O and Macdonald, D.W. 2004. Promiscuous females protect their offspring. Trends in Ecology and Evolution,19: 127-134. Yalden, D.W. 1983. The extent of high ground in Ethiopia compared to the rest of Africa. Sinet: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 6: 35-38. Yalden, D.W., and Largen, M.J. 1992. The endemic mammals of Ethiopia. Mammal Review, 22: 115-150. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 79
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
Page 35 and 36: Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
Page 37 and 38: 1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
Page 39 and 40: Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
Page 41 and 42: Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
Page 43 and 44: long-term study areas. However, tot
Page 45 and 46: Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
Page 47 and 48: Observations on the Status of the M
Page 49 and 50: The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
Page 51 and 52: of the park’s interior, where hum
Page 53 and 54: The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
Page 55 and 56: Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
Page 57 and 58: Threats Predictably, the main threa
Page 59 and 60: populations within hunting blocks a
Page 61 and 62: Population Estimates and Diet of St
Page 63 and 64: To identify the types and proportio
Page 65 and 66: Table 3. Coverage of plant species
Page 67 and 68: for eating grass species. During th
Page 69 and 70: Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
Page 71 and 72: overall diet (36% of total prey occ
Page 73 and 74: Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
Page 75 and 76: encounters between neighbouring wol
Page 77 and 78: No new packs were formed between 19
Page 79 and 80: Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
Page 81 and 82: Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
Page 83 and 84: successful dispersal are very low,
Page 85: References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
Page 89 and 90: Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
Page 91 and 92: Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
Page 93 and 94: Table 3. Estimates of population de
Page 95 and 96: Monitoring and management prioritie
Page 97 and 98: Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
Page 99 and 100: Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
Page 101 and 102: to just two montane sites in Harenn
Page 103 and 104: used for comparison. The study reve
Page 105 and 106: Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
Page 107 and 108: of the alpine vegetation have been
Page 109 and 110: Observers located each point by GPS
Page 111 and 112: Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
Page 113 and 114: other, and class N from O, because
Page 115 and 116: J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
Page 117 and 118: Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
Page 119 and 120: A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
Page 121 and 122: A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
Page 123 and 124: elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
Page 125 and 126: Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
Page 127 and 128: and managing natural resources and
Page 129 and 130: The Bale Mountains National Park is
Page 131 and 132: The ground-truthing points made up
Page 133 and 134: Table 2. Table showing the area for
Page 135 and 136: Table 5. Description of patchiness
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Acknowledgments This study was fund
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Characteristics and Origins of Glad
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Figure 1. Map with the approximate
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Table 1. Main characteristics of th
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Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
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Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
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There might be some evidence for th
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Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
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Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
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the loss of natural forests due to
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Results Fire extent and frequency A
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Soil type Over 50% of the total num
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Distance to settlements The frequen
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than expected given there available
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MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
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among seasons are usually only a fe
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In contrast to the northern highlan
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Table 1. The distribution, species
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it was absent from the central subz
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Figure 2. Population structure of t
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Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
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Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
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occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
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Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
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total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
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Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
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Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
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As more literature seeks to explore
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Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
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Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
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2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
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3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
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accruing to households. Although no
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Acknowledgements This study was mad
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Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
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evidence that low levels of grazing
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wildlife, especially the mountain n
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and control sites (areas where live
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several of the Bale ecosystem compo
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Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
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their hives. Hive and tree types we
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HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
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Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
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data recorded by the Development Ag
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Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
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Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
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(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
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BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
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Park Operations Programme This prog
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according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
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Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
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at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
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Benefits The implementation of such
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or meet the minimum costs necessary
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Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
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across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
Page 317 and 318:
What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
Page 329 and 330:
IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
Page 335 and 336:
http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
Page 337 and 338:
Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
Page 339 and 340:
If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
Page 341 and 342:
• Improve research work on wildli
Page 343 and 344:
• Development Partners (donors) a
Page 345 and 346:
Sustainable Development of the Prot
Page 347 and 348:
I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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