Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Wildlife, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 79pp. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE). 2005. Sustainable Development of the Protected Area System of Ethiopia (SDPASE), UNDP/GEF Project Document, Addis Ababa. Hillman, J. C. 1986. Bale Mountains National Park Management Plan. Ethiopian Wilidlife Conservation Organsiation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. KWS. 2006. Kenya Wildlife Services Protected Areas Planning Framework: First Draft – For Planning. Internal Document – Planning Department, KWS, Nairobi, Kenya, 37pp. Oromia Agriculture and Rural Development Bureau (OARDB). 2007. Bale Mountains National Park General Management Plan 2007-17. OARDB, FZS and IBC-CSMPP compilation, Addis Ababa. TANAPA. 2004. Strategic Planning Process Manual: For Developing and Reviewing Management Plans. Internal Document, Tanzania National Parks Internal , Arusha, Tanzania, 111pp. TANAPA. 2005. Serengeti National Park General Management Plan 2006-16. Tanzania National Parks, Arusha, Tanzania, 166pp. TANAPA. 2005. Mahale Mountains National Park General Management Plan 2006-16. Tanzania National Parks, Arusha, Tanzania, 132pp. Thomas, L. and Middleton, J. 2003. Guidelines for Management Planning of Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland Switzerland, 79pp. TNC CAP. http://www.conservationgateway.org/topic/conservation-action-planning WCMC. 2007. World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) 2007 web-download, UNEP- WCMC and IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas December 2007 please contact protectedareas@unep-wcmc.org for more information. Williams, SD, Vivero Pol, JL, Spawls, S. Shimeles, A. and Kelbessa, A. 2005. Ethiopian Highlands. In: Hotspots Revisited. (Mittermeier, R. (ed)) Conservation International and Cemex. ZAWA. 2004. North Luangwa National Park General Management Plan. ZAWA, Lusaka, Zambia, 116pp. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 256
People in National Parks – Joint Natural Resource Management in Bale Mountains National Park – Why it Makes Sense to Work with Local People Dereje Tadesse 1* , Stuart Williams 2 , and Ben Irwin 3 1 Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bale Mountains Conservation Project 2 Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme 3 FARM-Africa – SOS Sahel, Bale EcoRegion Sustainable Management Programme *Email: derejetadesse@fzs.org Abstract In Ethiopia, many protected areas have people living within their boundaries and just outside their limits, who use the resources of the protected area. Today, there is a growing consensus that in order to successfully meet conservation objectives, in the majority of cases, those objectives need to be addressed alongside, and in consideration of, objectives of sustainable human development. Top down, externally imposed conservation schemes often entail huge social costs in areas where people are directly dependent on the natural resources of the proposed conservation area for their livelihoods. People living inside protected areas in Ethiopia have always existed in a context of uncertainty with regard to no legally recognized resource use-rights by the National Park authorities. It is this context of uncertainty, the non recognition of people’s resource use rights, and the lack of Park law enforcement to limit resource use, that has led to de facto open access resource use, and consequent decreasing levels of any natural resource management responsibility from the local community side. Joint Natural Resource Management (JNRM) is a means of re-addressing these issues and unravelling these problems through recognition of rightful resource users, adopting sustainable natural resource management practices. And in so doing, conferring upon the legitimate local users appropriate rights, roles and responsibilities in natural resource management. This paper discusses the need for a change in views concerning people living in National Parks in Ethiopia, using the Bale Mountains National Park as an example. Reviewing the past and existing situation in BMNP, the paper concludes that building a working partnership with local communities is of critical importance to the success of the conservation programme in Bale Mountains National Park. Introduction The issue of people living inside protected areas has been a much debated subject within the conservation sector. Recent history shows that there were two fundamentally different schools of thought. There were those professionals who see the People in Parks issue as unacceptable and an <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 257
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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and managing natural resources and
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The Bale Mountains National Park is
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The ground-truthing points made up
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Table 2. Table showing the area for
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Table 5. Description of patchiness
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Acknowledgments This study was fund
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Characteristics and Origins of Glad
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Figure 1. Map with the approximate
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Table 1. Main characteristics of th
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Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
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Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
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There might be some evidence for th
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Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
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Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
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the loss of natural forests due to
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Results Fire extent and frequency A
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Soil type Over 50% of the total num
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Distance to settlements The frequen
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than expected given there available
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MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
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among seasons are usually only a fe
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In contrast to the northern highlan
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Table 1. The distribution, species
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it was absent from the central subz
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Figure 2. Population structure of t
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Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
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Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
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occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
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Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
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total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
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Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
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Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
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As more literature seeks to explore
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Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
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Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
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2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
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3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
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accruing to households. Although no
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Acknowledgements This study was mad
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Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
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evidence that low levels of grazing
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wildlife, especially the mountain n
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and control sites (areas where live
Page 213 and 214: several of the Bale ecosystem compo
Page 215 and 216: Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
Page 217 and 218: their hives. Hive and tree types we
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Page 221 and 222: Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
Page 223 and 224: data recorded by the Development Ag
Page 225 and 226: Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
Page 227 and 228: Producers As reported previously, b
Page 229 and 230: The above figure shows the various
Page 231 and 232: (6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
Page 233 and 234: The Distribution, Properties and Us
Page 235 and 236: preliminary data. From the prelimin
Page 237 and 238: Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Page 241 and 242: Tabalas are used for healing purpos
Page 243 and 244: Cultural value and history The use
Page 245 and 246: (Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
Page 247 and 248: Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
Page 249 and 250: Villages using the hora Animals vis
Page 251 and 252: General Management Planning for the
Page 253 and 254: BMNP Management History Since its i
Page 255 and 256: effectively and efficiently impleme
Page 257 and 258: Problems and Issues A problems and
Page 259 and 260: understood threats were also identi
Page 261 and 262: Park Operations Programme This prog
Page 263: according to its core vision and pr
Page 267 and 268: pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
Page 269 and 270: of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
Page 271 and 272: have experience in the implementati
Page 273 and 274: 2004) or conservation and livelihoo
Page 275 and 276: • The redefinition of protected a
Page 277 and 278: Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
Page 279 and 280: aspects of these factors, including
Page 281 and 282: ecorded as “point vegetation” f
Page 283 and 284: Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
Page 285 and 286: Table 3. Distance from road at whic
Page 287 and 288: Transmission risk Clearly, disease
Page 289 and 290: Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
Page 291 and 292: however continues to rise and in 19
Page 293 and 294: Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
Page 295 and 296: the past 5 years tourism activities
Page 297 and 298: assist with implementation of the t
Page 299 and 300: An increase in tourism investment i
Page 301 and 302: at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
Page 303 and 304: Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
Page 305 and 306: emains. The more recently coined RE
Page 307 and 308: Benefits The implementation of such
Page 309 and 310: or meet the minimum costs necessary
Page 311 and 312: Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
Page 313 and 314: across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
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What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
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IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
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Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
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If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
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• Improve research work on wildli
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• Development Partners (donors) a
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Sustainable Development of the Prot
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I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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