Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Table 1. Five year optimal and critical funds required for implementing the Tourism Provision and Management Programme of the BMNP GMP. Activity Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Objective 1: Diverse and ecologically and culturally sensitive tourism provision developed in BMNP in partnership with local communities, the private sector and government 1.1: A strong image for Ethiopia and the Bale Mountains National Park built on the global tourism market through the development and implementation of a BMNP marketing plan 1.2: A detailed strategic tourism provision development plan for BMNP drawn up, 100,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 100,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 implemented and regularly updated 1.3: A tourism -friendly environment in and around the Bale Mountains developed and 200,000 100,000 0 0 0 200,000 50,000 0 0 0 maintained 430,000 1,027,500 30,250 33,275 36,603 205,000 416,500 18,150 19,965 21,962 Sub total 730,000 1,137,500 40,250 43,275 46,603 505,000 473,500 25,150 26,965 28,962 Objective 2: Efficient, effective and responsive tourism management systems that provide and enhanced visitor experience 2.1: BMNP tourism department has the capacity to deliver and manage an exceptional tourism experience 2.2: Tourism provision monitored, evaluated and appropriate actions to mitigate negative impacts 10,000 11,000 12,100 13,310 14,641 5,000 5,500 6,050 6,655 7,321 or enhance provision, developed 34,000 4,700 5,420 41,162 6,928 34,000 4,700 5,420 41,162 6,928 Sub total 44,000 15,700 17,520 54,472 21,569 39,000 10,200 11,470 47,817 14,249 Objective 3: Community participation and benefit sharing opportunties in BMNP tourism developed and established as core part of the BMNP tourism service provison and management 3.1: Tourism, with its potential and pitfalls, understood by local communities 3.2: Community Tourism Development Committees established and managing tourism in 50,000 20,000 partnership with BMNP 500,000 500,000 350,000 150,000 50,000 400,000 400,000 200,000 80,000 20,000 Sub total 500,000 550,000 350,000 150,000 50,000 400,000 420,000 200,000 80,000 20,000 Total 1,274,000 1,703,200 407,770 247,747 118,172 944,000 903,700 236,620 154,782 63,210 Tourism Provision and Management 5-year Activity Plan In 2007, a General Management Plan was developed for the BMNP (OARDB 2007; Nelson this edition). In this, tourism provision and management was identified as one of five management programmes and a 3-year activity plan was developed. In 2010, this activity plan was reviewed and adapted and a new five year activity plan was identified. Below summarises the main activities carried out to date in this programme and some of the main activities, costs and major investments needed for this programme over the next five years. The main objectives of this programme as identified in the BMNP GMP are: • Diverse and ecologically and culturally sensitive tourism provision developed in BMNP in partnership with local communities, the private sector and government • Efficient, effective and responsive tourism management systems that provide and enhance visitor experience • Community participation and benefit sharing opportunities in BMNP tourism developed and established as a core part of the BMNP tourism service provision and management Although the park does not receive government budget for the development or implementation of this programme it does however have one tourism expert and small ad hoc funding for the maintenance of the lodge (the only accommodation available to tourists in the entire park). Apart from the lodge and the reception area in the headquarters there is no other tourist infrastructure available in the park. Implementation of this programme is underway, however, funded predominately by the Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS) who has also provided a national tourism technical advisor to <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 288
assist with implementation of the tourism programme. In addition new partnerships have been and continue to be formed with the Farm Africa/SOS Sahel Bale Eco-region Sustainable Management Project, TESFA and ESTA in helping BMNP to develop its tourism potential and to increase benefits to communities through tourism. Objective 1: Diverse and ecologically and culturally sensitive tourism provision developed in BMNP in partnership with local communities, the private sector and government Background: To date, a corporate image for the BMNP has been developed using one of its flagship species, the Mountain nyala, which is used on all materials, signs and publications concerned with the BMNP. Plans for a new interpretation centre are underway but the building design still needs to be agreed. A tourism expert has been seconded to identify the tourism products and service potential of the BMNP. Partnerships developed with ESTA has resulted in investment brokers promoting BMNP as a potential site to private lodge investors. Training has been provided to the Nyala Guides Association in basic tourism service provision and in flora and fauna identification. Plans are underway to develop a number of community associations such as cooking associations and a woman’s local craft and curios association. Activities and Resources Required: The main activity needed to achieve this objective is to develop a tourism strategic and marketing plan. An international consultant tourism development expert should be hired to develop this. This plan will also aid in developing niche based tourism. Other large investments needed for this programme are to produce interpretative materials for the interpretation centre to be built under the GMPs outreach programme, and to increase tourism infrastructure by placing basic facilities at campsites throughout the park and building some basic mountain huts. Lastly, further training as needed will be provided to the service providers. Optimal and critical funding needed to achieve these activities over the five years have been identified as ETB 1,997,628 and ETB 1,059,577, respectively. Objective 2: Efficient, effective and responsive tourism management systems that provide and enhanced visitor experience, devised and maintained Background: Up until recently few to no records of tourists visiting the BMNP were available apart from receipts. A visitor registration book has been implemented along with trip evaluation questionnaires. Some customer care training has been provided to BMNP staff working in tourism and park regulations have been drawn up for tourists. A private concession agreement has been developed for the privatization of Dinsho Lodge. A tourism database has been developed whereby data from tourist records and visitor feedback questionnaires can be stored and analyzed. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 289
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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and managing natural resources and
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The Bale Mountains National Park is
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The ground-truthing points made up
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Table 2. Table showing the area for
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Table 5. Description of patchiness
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Acknowledgments This study was fund
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Characteristics and Origins of Glad
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Figure 1. Map with the approximate
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Table 1. Main characteristics of th
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Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
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Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
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There might be some evidence for th
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Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
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Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
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the loss of natural forests due to
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Results Fire extent and frequency A
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Soil type Over 50% of the total num
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Distance to settlements The frequen
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than expected given there available
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MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
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among seasons are usually only a fe
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In contrast to the northern highlan
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Table 1. The distribution, species
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it was absent from the central subz
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Figure 2. Population structure of t
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Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
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Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
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occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
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Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
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total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
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Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
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Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
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As more literature seeks to explore
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Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
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Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
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2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
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3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
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accruing to households. Although no
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Acknowledgements This study was mad
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Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
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evidence that low levels of grazing
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wildlife, especially the mountain n
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and control sites (areas where live
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several of the Bale ecosystem compo
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Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
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their hives. Hive and tree types we
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HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
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Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
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data recorded by the Development Ag
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Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
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Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
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(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
Page 245 and 246: (Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
Page 247 and 248: Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
Page 249 and 250: Villages using the hora Animals vis
Page 251 and 252: General Management Planning for the
Page 253 and 254: BMNP Management History Since its i
Page 255 and 256: effectively and efficiently impleme
Page 257 and 258: Problems and Issues A problems and
Page 259 and 260: understood threats were also identi
Page 261 and 262: Park Operations Programme This prog
Page 263 and 264: according to its core vision and pr
Page 265 and 266: People in National Parks - Joint Na
Page 267 and 268: pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
Page 269 and 270: of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
Page 271 and 272: have experience in the implementati
Page 273 and 274: 2004) or conservation and livelihoo
Page 275 and 276: • The redefinition of protected a
Page 277 and 278: Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
Page 279 and 280: aspects of these factors, including
Page 281 and 282: ecorded as “point vegetation” f
Page 283 and 284: Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
Page 285 and 286: Table 3. Distance from road at whic
Page 287 and 288: Transmission risk Clearly, disease
Page 289 and 290: Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
Page 291 and 292: however continues to rise and in 19
Page 293 and 294: Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
Page 295: the past 5 years tourism activities
Page 299 and 300: An increase in tourism investment i
Page 301 and 302: at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
Page 303 and 304: Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
Page 305 and 306: emains. The more recently coined RE
Page 307 and 308: Benefits The implementation of such
Page 309 and 310: or meet the minimum costs necessary
Page 311 and 312: Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
Page 313 and 314: across Africa. Biological Conservat
Page 315 and 316: sets, extract relevant bits of info
Page 317 and 318: What to Monitor? The question of wh
Page 319 and 320: scale as a balance where one side r
Page 321 and 322: through existing databases not only
Page 323 and 324: The moral of these stories are that
Page 325 and 326: anger based monitoring system is a
Page 327 and 328: spatial and temporal extent of the
Page 329 and 330: IUCN Red Listed Species Description
Page 331 and 332: Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
Page 333 and 334: and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
Page 335 and 336: http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
Page 337 and 338: Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
Page 339 and 340: If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
Page 341 and 342: • Improve research work on wildli
Page 343 and 344: • Development Partners (donors) a
Page 345 and 346: Sustainable Development of the Prot
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I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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