Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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y the drink producers. Informants suggested that a lack of technology constrained the separation of pollen, propolis and wax from the honey. Conclusions The indigenous population of the Harenna forest possesses extensive knowledge of tree species and their value for beekeeping as well as other purposes. Beekeeping practices are based on traditional approaches, although not always carried out in an ‘expert’ manner even within that framework (Fichtl and Adi 1994). The isolation of the forest presents challenges to centralized approaches to park management. This research, as well as that of Fichtl and Adi (1994), Asefa (unpublished report) and Tesefaye et al. (2002) provides baseline information on forest use and practice that may be relevant to the development of collaborative natural resource management agreements (see Tadesse et al. this edition). Acknowledgements This article is based on the BSc thesis at the University of Aberdeen written in 2006 by Brigid Lefevre. Data were collected during the Twin Gardens Expedition 2006, organized jointly with a project on biodiversity monitoring project in the Harenna forest (funded by the Darwin Initiative), and funded by the University of Aberdeen, the Royal Geographical Society, the Gilchrist Educational Trust, the Mount Everest Foundation, the Albert Reckitt Charitable Trust, the Frederick Soddy Trust, the Gordon Foundation, and the Duke of Edinburgh. Mr Addisu Asefa provided important guidance and access to an unpublished report on his own research in the Harenna conducted in 2006. David Burslem provided helpful comments an earlier draft of the manuscript. References Adgaba, N. 2002. Selling honeybee colonies as a source of income for subsistence beekeepers. Beekeeping & Development, 64: 2-3. Bezabeh, A. 2004. Spotlight on Ethiopia: Beekeeping in south-western Ethiopia. Bees for Development Journal, 73: 8-9. Bradbear, N. 1994. News around the world. Ethiopia. Beekeeping & Development, 30: 8-9. Fichtl, R. and Adi, A. 1994. Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia. Margraf Verlag. Gebey, T. 2002. Using beekeeping to achieve development in Ethiopia. In Bradbear et al Strengthening Livelihoods. Exploring the Role of Beekeeping in Development. pp53-58. Bees for Development Gashaw, M. 2005. Protected Area System Plan, Strengthening the Conservation and Management of the Wildlife Protected Area System of Ethiopia. Report Hartmann, I. 2004. “No Tree, No Bee – No Honey, No Money?”: The Management of Resources and the Marginalisation in Beekeeping Societies of South West Ethiopia. Report. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 212
Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Originating from Shedem Kebele, Bale Zone * Arsema Andargatchew Tesfaye Bale Eco-Region Sustainable Management Programme (BERSMP) of FARM-Africa and SOS Sahel Ethiopia Email: arsemaa@ethionet.et Abstract Ethiopia has approximately 1 million ha of natural bamboo forest, which is about 7% of the world total and 67% of the African bamboo forest area. The Bale Mountains has the largest percentage (38.7%) of reported highland bamboo in Ethiopia. Local communities use bamboo mainly for construction, fences, furniture and household utensils. Shedem is a kebele in the Goba woreda, Bale zone where a large number of people are involved in bamboo culms extraction. Due to concerns regarding the current rate of extraction and the potential importance of bamboo as a means of livelihood, value chain analysis was carried out in this kebele. Results show that communities in Shedem depend highly on bamboo as a source of income. On average 47% of the annual income is estimated to be derived from bamboo sale. It is estimated that 3,356,055–3,750,885 bamboo culms are consumed per year from Shedem which accounts for 1.18–1.3% of all bamboo resources in the kebele. This study suggests that despite additional utilisation of bamboo in neighbouring kebeles, current harvest rates do not seem to be unsustainable. However, the harvesting method used, which often damages young shoots, has led to some concerns. Results indicated that there are three independent chains for bamboo culms bought directly from harvesters: crafts people, intermediaries and locals purchasing for construction. Craft producers were found to derive the largest income from bamboo (6.6 ETB/ culm) followed by farmers/harvesters (1 ETB/culm). Value chain analyses revealed little or no communication among actors thereby reducing the efficacy of bamboo resource utilization. Introduction Bamboo is a heavily utilised natural resource in many parts of the world. Some of its uses include flooring, sheets, panelling, paper, and shoots being used as food in many Asian cuisines. In Ethiopia, except for a couple of newly established private enterprises, the use of bamboo is mainly for construction, fencing and some rudimentary furniture and household utensils (Ensermu et al. 2000; Eastern Africa Bamboo Project 2007). Communities living in and around bamboo forests depend on bamboo for multiple purposes ranging from household use to use as a cash crop. Therefore, bamboo plays a very important social, economic and ecological role in Ethiopia (Ensermu et al. 2000). <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 213
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
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other, and class N from O, because
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J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
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Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
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A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
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A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
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elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
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Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
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and managing natural resources and
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The Bale Mountains National Park is
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The ground-truthing points made up
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Table 2. Table showing the area for
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Table 5. Description of patchiness
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Acknowledgments This study was fund
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Characteristics and Origins of Glad
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Figure 1. Map with the approximate
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Table 1. Main characteristics of th
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Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
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Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
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There might be some evidence for th
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Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
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Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
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the loss of natural forests due to
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Results Fire extent and frequency A
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Soil type Over 50% of the total num
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Distance to settlements The frequen
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than expected given there available
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MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status R
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among seasons are usually only a fe
Page 169 and 170: In contrast to the northern highlan
Page 171 and 172: Table 1. The distribution, species
Page 173 and 174: it was absent from the central subz
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Population structure of t
Page 177 and 178: Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
Page 179 and 180: Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
Page 181 and 182: occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
Page 183 and 184: Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
Page 185 and 186: total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
Page 187 and 188: Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
Page 189 and 190: Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
Page 191 and 192: As more literature seeks to explore
Page 193 and 194: Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
Page 197 and 198: 2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
Page 199 and 200: 3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
Page 201 and 202: accruing to households. Although no
Page 203 and 204: Acknowledgements This study was mad
Page 205 and 206: Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
Page 207 and 208: evidence that low levels of grazing
Page 209 and 210: wildlife, especially the mountain n
Page 211 and 212: and control sites (areas where live
Page 213 and 214: several of the Bale ecosystem compo
Page 215 and 216: Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
Page 217 and 218: their hives. Hive and tree types we
Page 219: HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
Page 223 and 224: data recorded by the Development Ag
Page 225 and 226: Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
Page 227 and 228: Producers As reported previously, b
Page 229 and 230: The above figure shows the various
Page 231 and 232: (6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
Page 233 and 234: The Distribution, Properties and Us
Page 235 and 236: preliminary data. From the prelimin
Page 237 and 238: Figure 1. Map of the southern part
Page 239 and 240: Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
Page 241 and 242: Tabalas are used for healing purpos
Page 243 and 244: Cultural value and history The use
Page 245 and 246: (Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
Page 247 and 248: Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
Page 249 and 250: Villages using the hora Animals vis
Page 251 and 252: General Management Planning for the
Page 253 and 254: BMNP Management History Since its i
Page 255 and 256: effectively and efficiently impleme
Page 257 and 258: Problems and Issues A problems and
Page 259 and 260: understood threats were also identi
Page 261 and 262: Park Operations Programme This prog
Page 263 and 264: according to its core vision and pr
Page 265 and 266: People in National Parks - Joint Na
Page 267 and 268: pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
Page 269 and 270: of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
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Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
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at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
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Benefits The implementation of such
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or meet the minimum costs necessary
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Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
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across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
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What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
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IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
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Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
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If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
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• Improve research work on wildli
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• Development Partners (donors) a
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Sustainable Development of the Prot
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I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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