Walia Special Edition on the Bale Mountains (2011) - Zoologische ...

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Current boundary Proposed new Boundary Modis fire incidences (2000- 2008) Current area patrolled Fire hot spots Figure 4. A map showing all fire instances over the past nine years in the BMNP and identifying fire hot spot areas. References Abera, K. and Kinahan, A.A. 2009. Factors Influencing Fire Frequency and Extent in the Bale Mountains National Park. Technical Report, FZS/BMNP publication. Belayneh, A. and Yohanis, T. 2008. The Scope, Cause and Consequence of the 2008 Extensive Forest Fire in the Bale Mountains National Park of Southern Ethiopia. Technical Report. Erten, E., Gurgun,V., and Musaoglu, N. unpublished. Forest fire risk zone mapping from Satellite Imagery and GIS (a case study on the Mediterranean region). GFMC 2000. Global Fire Monitoring Centre, the Ethiopian Fire Emergency between February and April 2000. (IFFN No. 22- April 2000, p. 2-8) Addis Ababa Ethiopia GFMC 2000. Global Fire Monitoring Centre, Fire Situation in Ethiopia. (IFFN No. 25, July 2001, p. 7-12) Giri, C., and Shrestha, S. 1999. Forest fire mapping in Huay Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. UNEP, Environmental Assessment Program for Asia and the Pacific. Technical Paper. Giglio, L., van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Collatz, G. J. and Kasibhatla, P. 2006. Global estimation of burned areas using MODIS active fire observations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6:957-974. Giglio, L. 2007. MODIS Collection for Active Fire Product User’s Guide, Version 2.3. IUCN 2000. Global Review of Forest Fires .International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Switzerland. Laboda,T. and Csiszar.A. Estimating Burned Area from AVHRR & MODIS Validating Results and Sources of Errors. Report Lymberopoulos, N., Papadopoulos, C., Stefanakis, E., and Pantalos, N. and Lockwood, F. 1996. A GIS- Based Forest Fire Management Information System. Imperial College of Science and Medicine. Technical Report. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 156
MOA 2000. Ethiopian Forest Status Report. Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. MOA 2000. Proceedings of the Ethiopian Round Table Workshop on Fire Management. Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Morisette, J. T., Giglio, L., Csiszar, I., and Justice, C. O. 2005a. Validation of the MODIS Active fire products over Southern Africa with ASTER data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26:4239-4264 Morisette, J. T., Giglio, L., Csiszar, I., Setzer, A., Schroeder, W., Morton, D., and Justice, C. O. 2005b. Validation of MODIS active fire detection products derived from two Algorithms. Earth Interactions, 9:1-25 Teshome, E. and Kinahan, A.A. 2008. The Changing Face of Bale: Land Cover Change in Bale Mountains National Park . Technical Report, FZS/BMNP Publication. OARDB. 2007. Bale Mountains National Park General Management Plan. Oromia Agriculture and Rural Development Bureau, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Pardini, G., Gispert, M. and Dunjo, G. 2004. Relative influence of wildfire on soil properties and erosion processes in different Mediterranean environments in NE Spain. Science of the Total Environment, 328: 237–246. Stroppiana, D., Gregoire, G.M. and Pereira, J.M.C. 2003. The use of SPOT vegetation data in a classification tree approach for burnt area mapping in Australia Savannah. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24: 2131-2151. <strong>Walia</strong>-<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Edition</strong> on the Bale Mountains 157
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Walia Spec
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This Special <stro
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Foreword The Bale Mountains are uni
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FACTORS AFFECTING FIRE ExTENT AND F
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Introduction This Special</
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Mammals of the Bale Mountains Natio
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History and Physical Features of th
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Name of Order Name of Family No of
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wolf is a rare canid endemic to the
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Hillman. J. C. 1993. Ethiopia: Comp
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Scientific name Common name Sources
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Structuring of the Birds of the Bal
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interactions? 2) Would such classif
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feeding habit and the related bill
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Table 1. Component loadings of fora
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Assemblage 1 Assemblage 2 Assemblag
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of a community there must be a prem
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Hillman, J.C. 1986. The Bale Mounta
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1995a; Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2004,
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Monitoring Activities the Bale Moun
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Table 1. Packs monitored in the Bal
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long-term study areas. However, tot
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Creel, S., Spong, G., Sands, J.L.,
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Observations on the Status of the M
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The Bale Mountains Figure 1. The kn
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of the park’s interior, where hum
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The Ahmar (Chercher) Mountains The
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Casuarina equisetiflium lia, Hageni
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Threats Predictably, the main threa
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populations within hunting blocks a
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Population Estimates and Diet of St
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To identify the types and proportio
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Table 3. Coverage of plant species
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for eating grass species. During th
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Ecology and Reproductive Strategy o
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overall diet (36% of total prey occ
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Table 1. Ethiopian wolf density (in
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encounters between neighbouring wol
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No new packs were formed between 19
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Cooperative Breeding Role of helper
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Mean feeding rate (contributions/ho
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successful dispersal are very low,
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References Ashenafi, Z.T. 2001. Com
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Solomon, N. G., and French, J.A. Ed
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Figure 1. The Bale monkey (Cercopit
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Survey method - Dec 06-Jan 07 Line
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Table 3. Estimates of population de
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Monitoring and management prioritie
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Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded fr
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Lizards Agamidae Acanthocercus atri
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to just two montane sites in Harenn
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used for comparison. The study reve
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Mapping High-Altitude Vegetation in
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of the alpine vegetation have been
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Observers located each point by GPS
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Figure 1. Afroalpine vegetation in
Page 113 and 114: other, and class N from O, because
Page 115 and 116: J. mima mounds and grazed mineral s
Page 117 and 118: Node Clusters Species in 1st cluste
Page 119 and 120: A. Arboreal heather/lake -E 64.6 +W
Page 121 and 122: A. Arboreal heather/lake 82 ± 176
Page 123 and 124: elevations of 4100-4200 m a.s.l. in
Page 125 and 126: Miehe, G. and Miehe, S. 1994. Erica
Page 127 and 128: and managing natural resources and
Page 129 and 130: The Bale Mountains National Park is
Page 131 and 132: The ground-truthing points made up
Page 133 and 134: Table 2. Table showing the area for
Page 135 and 136: Table 5. Description of patchiness
Page 137 and 138: Acknowledgments This study was fund
Page 139 and 140: Characteristics and Origins of Glad
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1. Map with the approximate
Page 143 and 144: Table 1. Main characteristics of th
Page 145 and 146: Table 2. Soil Properties at two dep
Page 147 and 148: Total aboveground biomass ranged fr
Page 149 and 150: There might be some evidence for th
Page 151 and 152: Appendix 1. Attributes for soil pro
Page 153 and 154: Ogate (altitude 1753 m) Water Site
Page 155 and 156: the loss of natural forests due to
Page 157 and 158: Results Fire extent and frequency A
Page 159 and 160: Soil type Over 50% of the total num
Page 161 and 162: Distance to settlements The frequen
Page 163: than expected given there available
Page 167 and 168: among seasons are usually only a fe
Page 169 and 170: In contrast to the northern highlan
Page 171 and 172: Table 1. The distribution, species
Page 173 and 174: it was absent from the central subz
Page 175 and 176: Figure 2. Population structure of t
Page 177 and 178: Fetene, M., Gashaw, M., Nauke, P. a
Page 179 and 180: Bale Mountain Lakes: Ecosystems Und
Page 181 and 182: occurrence above 4000 m. Rainfall i
Page 183 and 184: Table 1. List of the sampled waterb
Page 185 and 186: total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, cond
Page 187 and 188: Eggermont H., Russell, J.M.. Schett
Page 189 and 190: Direct Consumptive Use Value of Eco
Page 191 and 192: As more literature seeks to explore
Page 193 and 194: Table 1. Ecosystem goods and servic
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Map of the Bale Mountains
Page 197 and 198: 2(a) Crop Production HH Crop Value
Page 199 and 200: 3(a) Mean Household Annual Direct C
Page 201 and 202: accruing to households. Although no
Page 203 and 204: Acknowledgements This study was mad
Page 205 and 206: Livestock Grazing in Bale Mountains
Page 207 and 208: evidence that low levels of grazing
Page 209 and 210: wildlife, especially the mountain n
Page 211 and 212: and control sites (areas where live
Page 213 and 214: several of the Bale ecosystem compo
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Paine, R. T. and Vadas, R. L. 1969.
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their hives. Hive and tree types we
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HOROqqA (Bersama abyssinica, Melian
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Value Chain Analysis for Bamboo Ori
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data recorded by the Development Ag
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Amongst the interviewees, 80% of pe
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Producers As reported previously, b
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The above figure shows the various
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(6) BERSMP and all other stakeholde
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The Distribution, Properties and Us
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preliminary data. From the prelimin
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Figure 1. Map of the southern part
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Addeye All the 11 horas in Addeye a
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Tabalas are used for healing purpos
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Cultural value and history The use
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(Barrett-Lennard 2003). Finally, pr
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Appendix ph Colour Salinity (mS) Ta
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Villages using the hora Animals vis
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General Management Planning for the
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BMNP Management History Since its i
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effectively and efficiently impleme
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Problems and Issues A problems and
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understood threats were also identi
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Park Operations Programme This prog
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according to its core vision and pr
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People in National Parks - Joint Na
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pastoralists, as part of pastoral s
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of wild animals (Stephens et al. 20
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have experience in the implementati
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2004) or conservation and livelihoo
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• The redefinition of protected a
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Risk of Disease Transmission Betwee
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aspects of these factors, including
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ecorded as “point vegetation” f
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Table 1: Composition of 326 ungulat
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Table 3. Distance from road at whic
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Transmission risk Clearly, disease
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Dunn, A.M. 1968. The wild ruminant
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however continues to rise and in 19
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Tourism in the Bale Mountains Natio
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the past 5 years tourism activities
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assist with implementation of the t
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An increase in tourism investment i
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at a loss of approximately ETB 10,0
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Can Carbon Contribute to Conservati
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emains. The more recently coined RE
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Benefits The implementation of such
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or meet the minimum costs necessary
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Table 1. Financial forecast for 20
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across Africa. Biological Conservat
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sets, extract relevant bits of info
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What to Monitor? The question of wh
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scale as a balance where one side r
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through existing databases not only
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The moral of these stories are that
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anger based monitoring system is a
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spatial and temporal extent of the
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IUCN Red Listed Species Description
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Appendix 2: Metadata form A digital
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and climate data, AVHRR NDVI data,
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http://www.mentorsoftwareinc.com Me
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Individual Arrest Form Index No. Lo
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If for Commercial Market: □ in yo
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• Improve research work on wildli
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• Development Partners (donors) a
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Sustainable Development of the Prot
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I. Personal details Ethiopian Wildl
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Publication Financially Supported b
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