The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

Table 3.8 Adjectives derived with BPPs
BPP-adjective Gloss
kinka-slaxáxa&
NOSE-sharp
c"aa-#máan
LEG-long
pis"-#máan
NECK-long
qee-lánka&
BACK-large
paa-#apóqo&
BELLY-fat
! ,(!
‘pointed’
‘tall’
‘long-necked’
‘fat’
‘big-bellied’
3.3.4 Native of. Place names may undergo a construction deriving a noun referring to a native of
that place. This involves the attachment of a suffix –ti", which requires stress on the final syllable
of the stem (unlike other –ti" suffixes, the verbal 2 nd person subject marker and a nominalizing
suffix, which require penult base stress). Like other human-referring nouns, ‘native of X’ forms
may be pluralized, and their plural forms are somewhat idiosyncratic. For example, ‘natives of
Jopala’ takes only the plural suffix –ni", while ‘natives of Coyutla’ is prefixed with the plural lak-.
Table 3.9 ‘Native of’ derivation
Town Native of
s"úupal (Jopala) s"uupalís"ti&, s"uupalis"tíin (pl)
kuyútla (Coyutla) liikuyútla, lakliikuyútla (pl)
kaamayákn&i& (Mecatlán) mayáakti&, mayaaktíin (pl)
kaakiwinínti& (Coahuitlán) kiwiiniínti&, lakkiwiinínti& (pl)
3.3.5 Locative derivation. FM Totonac has three locative constructions, one with a case-like
prefix k-. The other two involve the prefixes kaa- and puu-, which derive locative nouns from
nouns. The two latter prefixes are etymologically related to the verbal locative prefixes, and
have similar semantics: kaa- derives nouns that refer to a flat expanse, and puu- nouns that refer
to a space that is partially or wholly enclosed. Deverbal nominalizations are also frequent with
these prefixes (see §3.3.11.2).