The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

2.1 and 2.2. In FMT the feature [+voice] is limited to sonorants; all native obstruents are
voiceless.
Table 2.1 Consonant inventory
Labial Coronal Dorsal Glottal
Stops p t k q !
Affricates ts c" tl
Fricatives s s" # x
Nasals m n
Oral
sonorants
Taps ($)
Table 2.2 Vowel inventory
i ii u uu
(e) (o)
a aa
l y w
Besides the core phonemes, several marginal phonemes found primarily in loanwords (those
enclosed in parentheses in Tables 2.1 and 2.2), occur with a very limited distribution. The tap ! is
found only in loan words borrowed from Spanish, a few ideophones, and in the verbal
ITERATIVE suffix –pa!a. Mid-vowels e and o occur as phonemes only in loan words
borrowed from Spanish and from other indigenous languages. More recent loans from Spanish
make use of additional consonant phonemes not noted in the tables: b, d, f. Such loans are rare in
the speech of my primary consultants. The phonology of loanwords is discussed in §2.9.
2.2.1 Distinctive features. The distinctive features required to define the phonological processes
of the language are given in Tables 2.3 and 2.4. Voicing is non-distinctive; all obstruents are
[-voice].
! ,!