The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

17) Examples of /#/
[#áq%aat h i&] ‘clothes’ [#úuk’u&] ‘hole, cave’
[k%uk%á#it h i&] ‘avocado’ [c"i# c"i#] ‘sound of frying’
[#kúyaat h i&] ‘fever, fire’ [#mumóqo&] ‘fair-skinned’
[#pátaaq h a&] ‘chachalaca bird’ [s"#qónaan] ‘his/her red corn’
[k%#weeq h ] ‘I scratch it’ [p%uk#n&i&] ‘cloud’
[c"eq#] ‘puddle’ [t%óNq#w&a&] ‘clumsy’
[#qóoNq# #qóoNq#] ‘sound of snoring’
2.3.3.4 /x/. /x/ is a voiceless velar fricative that can occur syllable-initially or –finally, but does
not appear in consonant clusters (except following prefixes k- or #-). When it co-occurs with a
uvular stop within a morpheme, it is realized as [!] (see Uvular Harmony §2.6.2.1).
18) Examples of /x/
[xín’i&] ‘smoke’ [xaak h a&] ‘sapote fruit’
[xuuk’i&] ‘deer’ [spuxúx] ‘straight’
[s"lax] ‘loose’ [s"xalŒnat h i&] ‘his/her coal’
[k%xas"] ‘I rest’ [*aláq h a&] ‘rickety, weak’
[t%aqo*óonat h i&]‘cough’
2.3.4 Nasals. Phonemically there are two nasals in FM Totonac, labial m and coronal n. Both can
appear syllable-initially or –finally. Nasals can follow coronal fricatives in initial clusters, and
can precede homorganic stops and affricates in codas. Like all other consonants they can also
follow the prefix k- word-initially. Nasals are the only stops that do not necessarily release into a
latent vowel prepausally (see §2.2.3). However, as with other sonorants, many lexical items end
in nasals that are glottalized prepausally, showing that vowel features are present in their release.
The nasals are subject to a variety of constraints that are discussed in §2.5.5 and §2.6.1.1.
2.3.4.1 /m/. The phoneme /m/ is a voiced labial nasal that occurs syllable-initially or –finally.
Syllable-initially it can follow any coronal fricative, and in codas it may precede p, but does so in
only one lexical item, c'imp# ‘s/he blinks’. Within words, m cannot precede a non-homorganic
consonant even across a morpheme boundary, which limits it to preceeding only p and w.
! "+!