The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

3.3.8 Derogatory derivation. A derogatory suffix –q# exists that is used only with the nouns for
‘boy’ and ‘girl’, with the semantics of ‘damn’ or ‘pesky’ (in Spanish pinche). This suffix does
not affect stress.
24) Derogatory derivation examples
qawáac%a& ‘boy’ qawáac%aqs" ‘damn boy’
tsumuxáati& ‘girl’ tsumuxáataqs% ‘pesky girl’
3.3.9 Non-verbal elements and clitics. Both proclitics and enclitics attach to all word classes in
FM Totonac, most of them the same as verbal clitics discussed in Chapter 5. They fall into the
categories of negation/negative polarity items, aspectual adverbials, and a category of other
adverbials.
3.3.9.1 Negation and negative polarity clitics. Negative "aa= ‘no’ and the negative polarity
proclitics "aa=a"= not yet; "aa=naa= ‘still not’, and any of the negative intensifiers tuu=, tii=,
*aa= and $ii= may attach to nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs and numbers.
25) Negation and negative polarity examples
"aa=wis%inán ‘not you pl.’
"aa=s%a-tsée ‘the bad (not good) one’
"aa=c%is%kú’u& ‘(he is) not a man’
"aa=a"=puskáati& ‘(she is) not a girl anymore'
"aa=nah=tsíkan ‘(she is) not yet old’
"aa=puu"máan in c%úc%uti& ‘the water is not deep’
"aa=tuu=sóoqe ‘not at all early’
"aa=too-‘aqtim in tac%iiwín ‘there is not even one word’ (7,75 jsf)
3.3.9.2 Aspectual clitics. The aspectual enclitics =ts’! ‘already’ and =kú’u" ‘just; still’ may also
attach to words of almost any class (I have no examples with adverbs). By regular rule, the
glottalization found in the citation forms is lost in connected speech. Pre-clitic aspiration is also
shown in these examples.
! ,,!