The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

212) Examples of loan words with liquids
mé"kulis" < Sp. miércoles ‘Wednesday’
‘anílo < Sp. anillo ’ring’
piritóra < Sp. veladora ‘candle’
buréko < Sp. borrego ‘sheep’
2.9.1.4 Obstruent-liquid clusters. Although FM Totonac tolerates complex onsets and codas (up
to CCC), it does not allow obstruent-liquid clusters. In loanwords, these are always broken up by
an epenthetic vowel. How this vowel is chosen is not clear from my data; in most cases it is seems
to be a copy vowel.
213) Examples of loan words with obstruent-liquid clusters
karastiánu < Sp. cristiano ‘christian’=’person’
puláto < Sp. plato ‘plate’
paránksis < Sp. Francisco ‘Francis’
2.9.1.5 Mid-vowels. FM Totonac lacks the mid-vowel phonemes e and o, but it may be relevant
that mid-vowel allophones of high vowels do appear adjacent to glottal stop or uvulars. In
loanwords, Spanish o is almost always replaced by u, but Spanish e seems as likely to be borrowed
as a or i as e.
214) Examples of loan words with mid vowels
kawáyu < Sp. caballo ‘horse’
tumínku& < Sp. domingo ‘Sunday’
buréko < Sp. borrego ‘sheep’
’a#puwéeno < Sp. yerba buena ‘spearmint’
kunés"u < Sp. conejo ‘rabbit’
mac"íta < Sp. machete ‘machete’
Generally the shared vowels a, i and u are borrowed without change, although a few exceptions
exist, as in ’a"puwéeno < Sp. yerba buena ‘spearmint’, where the two a vowels are borrowed as
back rounded vowels.
2.9.2 Stress. Stress in both Spanish and FM Totonac is limited to the final three syllables, but for
different reasons. In FM Totonac, stress is morphologically determined in all derived words, and
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