The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

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Table 5.3 Transitive verbs taking middle voice ta- Verb Gloss Middle ! ",(! voice Gloss c%ii s/he ties it ta-c%ii it gets tied c%uku s/he cuts it with a knife ta-c%uku it gets cut with a knife c%up s/he pokes it ta-c%up it gets poked kaa s/he cuts it with a machete ta-kaa it gets cut with a machete pisa s/he detaches it ta-pisa it detaches pu"u s/he uproots it ta-pu"u it gets uprooted pus% s/he cuts/harvests it ta-pus% it bursts qaps s/he folds it ta-qaps it folds up saqa s/he drags it ta-saqa it gets dragged saqaali s/he moves it ta-saqaali it moves siit s/he cuts it with scissors ta-siit it gets cut with scissors snapu s/he covers it ta-snapu it gets covered sqaa s/he splits it ta-sqaa it splits sqawi s/he bends it ta-sqawi it bends swiik s/he shaves it ta-swiik it gets shaved s%aqa s/he scrubs it ta-s%aqa it gets scrubbed s%kiti s/he squeezes it ta-s%kiti it gets squeezed s%laxa s/he loosens it ta-s%laxa it loosens s%tiit s/he tears it ta-s%tiit it tears s%tonq s/he straightens it ta-s%tonq it straightens s%toqo s/he injects it ta-s%toqo it gets injected s%uu s/he peels it ta-s%uu it gets peeled s%wata s/he drags it ta-s%wata it gets dragged tlaqa s/he shoos it away ta-tlaqa it gets upset tuks s/he breaks it by twisting ta-tuks it breaks by twisting lak-ponqa s/he knocks it down ta-lak-ponqa it falls down poo-qos% s/he inflates it ta-poo-qos% it inflates
5.4.4.2.4 Verbs in inceptive/causative alternation. The final group of FM Totonac verbs that can be derived by ta- are bound roots that may be inflected only after they are prefixed by either ta- or CAUSATIVE maa- (. . –ii), i.e., those that exist only in the inchoative/caustive alternation in the sense of Levin and Rappaport (1995) or Haspelmath (1993). The intransitive/transitive pairs thus derived have meanings such as ta-’akta ‘s/he descends’, maa-’ak-tii ‘s/he lowers it’; ta-c'oqo ‘s/he stops’, maa-$oq-ee ‘s/he stops it’; ta-moqos ‘s/he falls’, maa-moqos-ii ‘s/he drops it’; ta-kaks ‘s/he calms down’, maa-kaks-aa ‘s/he calms him/her down’; ta-pitsi ‘it cracks’, maapits-ii ‘s/he divides it’. Some of the forms in ta- are intransitive verbs of activity (e.g., ‘descend’), while others are verbs of accomplishment (e.g., ‘calm down’) or of achievement (e.g., ‘split’). A list of all the bound roots in this category from my database is given in Table 5.4. Table 5.4 Inceptive-Causative alternations Inceptivized verb Gloss Causativized verb ! ",)! Gloss ta-’akta s/he descends maa-'akt-ii s/he lowers it t-’aqa"u s/he descends maa-’aqa"uu s/he lowers it ta-c%awa it opens maa-c%aw-ii s/he opens it ta-c%oqo s/he stops maa-c%oq-ee s/he stops it ta-c%utoq" its outer layer pulls off maa-c%utoq" s/he pulls off its outer layer ta-kaks s/he calms down maa-kaks-aa s/he calms him/her down ta-laki it opens maa-laki s/he opens it ta-moqos s/he falls maa-moqos-ii s/he drops it ta-peqs it gets peeled maa-peqs s/he peels it ta-pink it splits maa-pink s/he splits it ta-pitsi it splits maa-pitsi s/he divides it ta-puuli s/he enters the small ta-(tan)- qalax streets in a town maa-puuli s/he introduces something into the small streets in a town it turns over maa-(tan)-qalax s/he turns it over ta-qe’e& it gets uncovered maa-qe’e& s/ he uncovers it
Page 1 and 2:
The phonology and morphology of Fil
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Abstract The phonology and morpholo
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments..
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2.6.4.2 Vowel harmony .............
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3.3.11.2 Locative nominalizations .
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5.3.2.9 Enclitic adverbials YA -ts%
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References ........................
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List of Maps and Tables Map 1.1 Fil
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List of Abbreviations 1exc First pe
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduc
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soon, and this language could near
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1.5.1 Glottalization/laryngealizati
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Chapter 2 The phonology of Filomeno
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Table 2.3 Consonant features Root p
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seem to be mutually necessary for p
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2.3.1.5 /#/. The glottal stop is a
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13) Examples of /c"/ [c"an] ‘s/he
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17) Examples of /#/ [#áq%aat h i&]
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21) Examples of /l/ [laaqtsín] ‘
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Vowels never occur word-initially;
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2.4.5 /o/. /o/ is a mid-back vowel
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"panóq h o& ‘loose-fitting’ "t
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’aqoNqs" ‘he braids it’ "qooN
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2.6.1.1 Nasal deletion and assimila
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2.6.1.2 Lateral spirantization. Syl
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There are a number of roots with un
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2.6.2.2.2.3 Degemination through di
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(including -qe’e and -qo’o). In
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96) /maa-c"uku-ii/ 97) /maa-#tata-i
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For other speakers, vowel harmony c
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122)/waa-nan-niita&-[cg] 2 / 123) /
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2.6.4.4.3.3 -ni! suffixes. Two nomi
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consonant, and don’t protect fina
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165) /ta-akta-aa-c"a’a&/ MV-desce
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fully deleted phonologically (see
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of words I have included as followi
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e followed only by a deictic (these
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196)/laa-laaqtsin-paa-titi&/ 197) /
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likely to show stress shift are the
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Declarative: [tá’ii s"ánati gab
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Table 2.12 Major and derived color
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Table 2.14 Sound and manner of moti
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colonialization. This would be afte
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212) Examples of loan words with li
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piritóra veladora candle pulátu p
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penultimate stress patterns, derive
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3.3.1.1 Plural affixes. Two general
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3.3.1.3 Agentive plural nouns. Besi
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4) lak-sáasti n tamáqn&u& PL-new
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11) Possessed-Possessor examples s%
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Table 3.7 Body part prefixes laqa-
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3.3.5.1 Locative ‘case’. While
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3.3.8 Derogatory derivation. A dero
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34) maya=séqeti& ‘nothing but gr
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The verbal derivational affixes inv
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Table 3.14 Locative nominalizations
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When possessed, this class of deriv
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3.3.11.6. ‘Ought to’ constructi
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49) s%-lii-ta-wilí-nii-ti& 3POSS-P
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3.4.1.2 Adjectives with optional =w
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Table 3.25 Reduplication in adjecti
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Of note is the fact that the number
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Chapter 4 Verbal Inflection 4.1 Int
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5) /k-maa-aa/ kmaa ‘I am lying do
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4.4 Inflectional categories. As sho
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Table 4.4 Overview of inflectional
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4.7.1.1.1 ka- & negative future. To
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4.7.1.2 Counterexpectational. The c
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4.7.2.2 Perfective aspect. The perf
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ongoing ‘right now’. Progressiv
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51) kwésa naktaayáa /kwesa na-k-
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4.8.1 Subject inflection. The subje
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4.8.1.2 Second person subject. Seco
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Besides glottalization and the 2SUB
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85) taqamaanamáana /ta-qamaa-nan-m
Page 152 and 153: semantically required, in the case
Page 154 and 155: Table 4.9 Subject and object inflec
Page 156 and 157: complete linear structure of the FM
Page 158 and 159: 5.2.4 Negative intensifiers. The th
Page 160 and 161: 5.3.1.2 Desiderative mood. The suff
Page 162 and 163: 5.3.2.3 Inceptive/Middle voice ta-.
Page 164 and 165: 34) s%waayampaaqóotits’ /s"-waa-
Page 166 and 167: 44) lamahkú*u& /la-maa-kú'u&/ liv
Page 168 and 169: eplaced by an idiosyncratic constru
Page 170 and 171: 59) kaamaaqamáani /kaa-maa-qamaana
Page 172 and 173: As example 67 shows, ditransitives
Page 174 and 175: 78) kintiimaamaatsamaníini s%maa
Page 176 and 177: 81) ktaamináa /k-taa-min-aa/ 1SUB-
Page 178 and 179: Table 5.1 Comitative Paradigm with
Page 180 and 181: 92) "aakatsiiní /#aa=katsii-nii-aa
Page 182 and 183: However, in the case of a causative
Page 184 and 185: 113) liitayáa /lii-ta=yaa-aa/ INST
Page 186 and 187: 124) liitas%tú s%tíilan /lii-ta=s
Page 188 and 189: 134) kaawakayáa /kaa-waka-aa/ LOC-
Page 190 and 191: 146) kaac%eeqée /kaa-c"eeqee-aa/ L
Page 192 and 193: ’aq#c"aa- ’aq#c"áan upper shou
Page 194 and 195: The BPPs comprise one of the very f
Page 196 and 197: 167) kinc%aas%aamá /kin-c"aa-s"ama
Page 198 and 199: 5.4.4 Valence-decreasing constructi
Page 200 and 201: A few verbs change meaning in a non
Page 204 and 205: ta-qolu it rolls maa-qolu s/he roll
Page 206 and 207: eflexive verbs (see §4.8.2.1), the
Page 208 and 209: 207) kkiitamaqskux"i& /k-kii-ta-maq
Page 210 and 211: THERE.2SUB is identical to the 2 nd
Page 212 and 213: 224) "aaliwána k"tatá ’ás%ni n
Page 214 and 215: verbs are possible without any infl
Page 216 and 217: There are also several verb compoun
Page 218 and 219: 5.6.2 Verb sequencing constructions
Page 220 and 221: 254) kkatsiiníimaa qa"tawaqá /k-k
Page 222 and 223: 268) tsúku s%tastiwí /tsuku-li& s
Page 224 and 225: Table 6.1 Verbal zones based on aff
Page 226 and 227: I categorized the responses of each
Page 228 and 229: 2) kkaakiilaknikwilíiw /k-kaa-kii-
Page 230 and 231: 8) talaaliis%kilí n kiw’i& /ta-l
Page 232 and 233: 6.2.3.5 Position 8 instrumentals. A
Page 234 and 235: able to appear to the right of the
Page 236 and 237: One of my consultants perceived a s
Page 238 and 239: s%aktsaqsakutunpará /s"a-k-tsaqsa-
Page 240 and 241: Table 6.4 2 nd subject morphology s
Page 242 and 243: 34) ktalakás%tu /k-ta-laka-s"tu-li
Page 244 and 245: harmony with the root (Table 2.9 co
Page 246 and 247: Table 6.9 Valence-changing subzone
Page 248 and 249: stress may fall include the encliti
Page 250 and 251: 42) "aalantuunú n k"tatá /#aa=la-
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questions about the usefulness of c
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Caballero, Gabriela. 2008. Choguita
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Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The Languag
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Appendix A. Filomeno Mata Totonac a
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-maana PROG3 Progressive aspect, 3r
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tan- NC Numeral classifier §3.6.2
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The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

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