The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

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224) "aaliwána k"tatá ’ás%ni n tuunuk"tatá /#aa=liwana k-#tatá-aa ‘as"ni tuunu=k-#tatá-aa/ NEG=well 1SUB-sleep-IMPF when APT-1SUB-sleep-IMPF ‘I don’t sleep well by myself’ 225) tuununc%iwiinán /tuunu-c"iwii-nan-aa/ APT-speak-HAB-IMPF ‘he speaks in a different way’ 5.5.5.6 Adverbial tseeq=. It means ‘secretely, in hiding’. With some verbs, instead of cliticizing to the verb, tseeq is reduplicated and appears preceding the verb in the position of other reduplicated sound symbolic adverbs (see §5.5.6). 226) tseeqtalaakíitsuuk" /tseeq=ta-laa-kii-tsuuk-li&/ HID-3SUB.pl-REC-RT-kiss-PFTV ‘they went to kiss each other in secret’ 227) tséeq tséeq waayán /tseeq tseeq waayan-aa/ HID HID eat-IMPF ‘he eats in hiding’ 5.5.6 Reduplicated sound and manner adverbials. Besides the adverbials noted in §5.5.5, FM Totonac has a large number of sound symbolic adverbials (see §2.8.3). They precede basic verbs of motion like min ‘come’, ’an ‘go’, wan ‘say’ and tlaawan ‘walk’ to express particular manners of motion. These manner adverbials, some referring to the sound made by the motion, are fully reduplicated forms, each with its own primary stress. Such constructions are usually the only way to express certain kinds of movement, e.g. ‘roll’, ‘limp’. ! "-(!
228) Examples of sound and manner adverbials pí"i-pí"i mí" ‘he came rolling down like a cylinder’ qólo-qólo ’á" ‘he went rolling down like a sphere’ s%úun-s%úun án ‘it moves rapidly through the air (hummingbird)’ kápa-kápa mín ‘it comes clopping like a burro’ tánc%aka-tánc%aka ’án ‘he goes lumbering along’ swínki-swínki ’án ‘an emaciated person walks along’ lúnkus%-lúnkus% tlaawán ‘he limps along’ tónq"-tónq" mí" ‘he came walking heavily’ pím-pím ’á" ‘it ran away hopping’ tíi"-tíi" míma ‘water comes running rapidly’ Since each of the reduplicants carries primary stress, they seem likely to be independent words. They usually accompany third person singular forms that have no inflection. However, sometimes they are used with first, second or third person plural subjects, and in these cases they occur inside the person prefixes without primary stress: 228) Examples of word internal sound and manner adverbials k-pili-pili-’án ‘I went rolling down like a cylinder’ ta-kapa-kapa-mí" ‘they came clopping along’ It has not been possible to determine the position in which these manner adverbials occur when incorporated into the verb, but it cannot be preverb position 15 where many other adverbials occur (§5.5.5). They occur closer to the verb root than 3SUB.pl ta- of position 11, but I have no examples of their co-occurrence with any derivational morpheme in positions 1-10. Perhaps an additional position should be posited for the reduplicated adverbials just inside position 11 5.6 The morphology of verb sequences. Two or more verbs can occur in sequence in a sentence in FM Totonac, either as verb compounds or as a complement-taking verb and its complement. A basic overview of these constructions and their associated morphology is provided in this section. 5.6.1 Verb compounds. As noted in §4.2, a verb stem in FM Totonac may be simple or compound. Verb compounds are morphological constructions of two or occasionally three verb stems. Each of these is the phonologically full form of an independently occurring verb stem. Inflectional morphemes attach on the periphery of the compound verb just as with a simple verb stem, such that both verbs share all TAM and person agreement marking. Because fully inflected ! "-)!
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The phonology and morphology of Fil
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Abstract The phonology and morpholo
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments..
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2.6.4.2 Vowel harmony .............
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3.3.11.2 Locative nominalizations .
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5.3.2.9 Enclitic adverbials YA -ts%
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References ........................
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List of Maps and Tables Map 1.1 Fil
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List of Abbreviations 1exc First pe
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduc
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soon, and this language could near
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1.5.1 Glottalization/laryngealizati
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Chapter 2 The phonology of Filomeno
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Table 2.3 Consonant features Root p
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seem to be mutually necessary for p
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2.3.1.5 /#/. The glottal stop is a
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13) Examples of /c"/ [c"an] ‘s/he
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17) Examples of /#/ [#áq%aat h i&]
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21) Examples of /l/ [laaqtsín] ‘
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Vowels never occur word-initially;
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2.4.5 /o/. /o/ is a mid-back vowel
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"panóq h o& ‘loose-fitting’ "t
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’aqoNqs" ‘he braids it’ "qooN
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2.6.1.1 Nasal deletion and assimila
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2.6.1.2 Lateral spirantization. Syl
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There are a number of roots with un
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2.6.2.2.2.3 Degemination through di
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(including -qe’e and -qo’o). In
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96) /maa-c"uku-ii/ 97) /maa-#tata-i
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For other speakers, vowel harmony c
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122)/waa-nan-niita&-[cg] 2 / 123) /
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2.6.4.4.3.3 -ni! suffixes. Two nomi
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consonant, and don’t protect fina
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165) /ta-akta-aa-c"a’a&/ MV-desce
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fully deleted phonologically (see
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of words I have included as followi
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e followed only by a deictic (these
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196)/laa-laaqtsin-paa-titi&/ 197) /
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likely to show stress shift are the
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Declarative: [tá’ii s"ánati gab
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Table 2.12 Major and derived color
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Table 2.14 Sound and manner of moti
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colonialization. This would be afte
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212) Examples of loan words with li
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piritóra veladora candle pulátu p
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penultimate stress patterns, derive
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3.3.1.1 Plural affixes. Two general
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3.3.1.3 Agentive plural nouns. Besi
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4) lak-sáasti n tamáqn&u& PL-new
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11) Possessed-Possessor examples s%
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Table 3.7 Body part prefixes laqa-
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3.3.5.1 Locative ‘case’. While
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3.3.8 Derogatory derivation. A dero
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34) maya=séqeti& ‘nothing but gr
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The verbal derivational affixes inv
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Table 3.14 Locative nominalizations
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When possessed, this class of deriv
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3.3.11.6. ‘Ought to’ constructi
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49) s%-lii-ta-wilí-nii-ti& 3POSS-P
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3.4.1.2 Adjectives with optional =w
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Table 3.25 Reduplication in adjecti
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Of note is the fact that the number
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Chapter 4 Verbal Inflection 4.1 Int
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5) /k-maa-aa/ kmaa ‘I am lying do
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4.4 Inflectional categories. As sho
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Table 4.4 Overview of inflectional
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4.7.1.1.1 ka- & negative future. To
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4.7.1.2 Counterexpectational. The c
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4.7.2.2 Perfective aspect. The perf
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ongoing ‘right now’. Progressiv
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51) kwésa naktaayáa /kwesa na-k-
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4.8.1 Subject inflection. The subje
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4.8.1.2 Second person subject. Seco
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Besides glottalization and the 2SUB
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85) taqamaanamáana /ta-qamaa-nan-m
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semantically required, in the case
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Table 4.9 Subject and object inflec
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complete linear structure of the FM
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5.2.4 Negative intensifiers. The th
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5.3.1.2 Desiderative mood. The suff
Page 162 and 163: 5.3.2.3 Inceptive/Middle voice ta-.
Page 164 and 165: 34) s%waayampaaqóotits’ /s"-waa-
Page 166 and 167: 44) lamahkú*u& /la-maa-kú'u&/ liv
Page 168 and 169: eplaced by an idiosyncratic constru
Page 170 and 171: 59) kaamaaqamáani /kaa-maa-qamaana
Page 172 and 173: As example 67 shows, ditransitives
Page 174 and 175: 78) kintiimaamaatsamaníini s%maa
Page 176 and 177: 81) ktaamináa /k-taa-min-aa/ 1SUB-
Page 178 and 179: Table 5.1 Comitative Paradigm with
Page 180 and 181: 92) "aakatsiiní /#aa=katsii-nii-aa
Page 182 and 183: However, in the case of a causative
Page 184 and 185: 113) liitayáa /lii-ta=yaa-aa/ INST
Page 186 and 187: 124) liitas%tú s%tíilan /lii-ta=s
Page 188 and 189: 134) kaawakayáa /kaa-waka-aa/ LOC-
Page 190 and 191: 146) kaac%eeqée /kaa-c"eeqee-aa/ L
Page 192 and 193: ’aq#c"aa- ’aq#c"áan upper shou
Page 194 and 195: The BPPs comprise one of the very f
Page 196 and 197: 167) kinc%aas%aamá /kin-c"aa-s"ama
Page 198 and 199: 5.4.4 Valence-decreasing constructi
Page 200 and 201: A few verbs change meaning in a non
Page 202 and 203: Table 5.3 Transitive verbs taking m
Page 204 and 205: ta-qolu it rolls maa-qolu s/he roll
Page 206 and 207: eflexive verbs (see §4.8.2.1), the
Page 208 and 209: 207) kkiitamaqskux"i& /k-kii-ta-maq
Page 210 and 211: THERE.2SUB is identical to the 2 nd
Page 214 and 215: verbs are possible without any infl
Page 216 and 217: There are also several verb compoun
Page 218 and 219: 5.6.2 Verb sequencing constructions
Page 220 and 221: 254) kkatsiiníimaa qa"tawaqá /k-k
Page 222 and 223: 268) tsúku s%tastiwí /tsuku-li& s
Page 224 and 225: Table 6.1 Verbal zones based on aff
Page 226 and 227: I categorized the responses of each
Page 228 and 229: 2) kkaakiilaknikwilíiw /k-kaa-kii-
Page 230 and 231: 8) talaaliis%kilí n kiw’i& /ta-l
Page 232 and 233: 6.2.3.5 Position 8 instrumentals. A
Page 234 and 235: able to appear to the right of the
Page 236 and 237: One of my consultants perceived a s
Page 238 and 239: s%aktsaqsakutunpará /s"a-k-tsaqsa-
Page 240 and 241: Table 6.4 2 nd subject morphology s
Page 242 and 243: 34) ktalakás%tu /k-ta-laka-s"tu-li
Page 244 and 245: harmony with the root (Table 2.9 co
Page 246 and 247: Table 6.9 Valence-changing subzone
Page 248 and 249: stress may fall include the encliti
Page 250 and 251: 42) "aalantuunú n k"tatá /#aa=la-
Page 252 and 253: questions about the usefulness of c
Page 254 and 255: Caballero, Gabriela. 2008. Choguita
Page 256 and 257: Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The Languag
Page 258 and 259: Appendix A. Filomeno Mata Totonac a
Page 260 and 261: -maana PROG3 Progressive aspect, 3r
Page 262 and 263:
tan- NC Numeral classifier §3.6.2
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The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

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