The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

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4.7.1.1.3 ka- & hortative .........................................................................116 4.7.1.1.4 ka- in subordinate clauses ........................................................117 4.7.1.2 Counterexpectational ........................................................................118 4.7.1.3 Secondary moods ..............................................................................118 4.7.2 Aspect ........................................................................................................118 4.7.2.1 Imperfective aspect ..........................................................................119 4.7.2.2 Perfective aspect ...............................................................................120 4.7.2.3 Perfect aspect ....................................................................................121 4.7.2.4 Progressive aspect .............................................................................121 4.7.2.5 Secondary aspect markers .................................................................122 4.7.3 Tense ..........................................................................................................123 4.7.3.1 Future tense .......................................................................................123 4.7.3.2 Past tense ...........................................................................................124 4.7.4 TAM conclusion ........................................................................................125 4.8 Person agreement ................................................................................................125 4.8.1 Subject inflection .......................................................................................126 4.8.1.1 First person subject ...........................................................................126 4.8.1.2 Second person subject .......................................................................128 4.8.1.3 Third person subject ..........................................................................131 4.8.2 Object inflection .........................................................................................132 4.8.2.1 First person object .............................................................................133 4.8.2.2 Second person object ........................................................................134 4.8.2.3 Third person object ...........................................................................134 4.9 Subject and Object Inflection ..............................................................................135 Chapter 5 Derivational Verbal Morphology ........................................................137 5.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................137 5.2 Negation and negative polarity clitics .................................................................138 5.2.1 Negative "aa= .............................................................................................138 5.2.2 Negative a"= ...............................................................................................138 5.2.3 Negative potential la= ................................................................................139 5.2.4 Negative intensifiers ..................................................................................140 5.3 Secondary mood and aspect ................................................................................141 5.3.1 Secondary moods .......................................................................................141 5.3.1.1 Counterexpectational mood ..............................................................141 5.3.1.2 Desiderative mood ............................................................................142 5.3.2 Secondary aspectual morphemes ...............................................................142 5.3.2.1 Aspectual adverbial ’ak= ..................................................................142 5.3.2.2 Associated motion kii- and tii- ..........................................................143 5.3.2.3 Inceptive/Middle voice ta- ................................................................144 5.3.2.4 Ambulative -tii"a ...............................................................................145 5.3.2.5 Iterative –pa!a ...................................................................................145 5.3.2.6 Totalitive/terminative qo’o ...............................................................145 5.3.2.7 MEANWHILE –qe’e ........................................................................146 5.3.2.8 HERE/MOMENTARY –$i" ...............................................................147 ! %$!
5.3.2.9 Enclitic adverbials YA –ts%! and JUST –ku’u ..................................147 5.4 Valence-changing morphology ...........................................................................148 5.4.1 Causatives ..................................................................................................148 5.4.1.1 Causative maa- ..................................................................................149 5.4.1.1.1 Causitivized positionals ...........................................................149 5.4.1.1.2 Causitivized intransitive verbs .................................................150 5.4.1.1.3 Causative maa- and transitive verbs ........................................152 5.4.1.2 Causative maq(a)- .............................................................................154 5.4.1.3 Double causatives .............................................................................155 5.4.1.4 Causative summary ...........................................................................156 5.4.2 Applicatives ...............................................................................................157 5.4.2.1 Comitative taa- .................................................................................157 5.4.2.2 Dative –nii .........................................................................................161 5.4.2.3 Instrumentals lii-, puu- ......................................................................165 5.4.2.4 Locatives kaa-, puu- ..........................................................................169 5.4.2.5 Body Part Prefixes (BPP) .................................................................173 5.4.2.6 Applicative summary ........................................................................178 5.4.3 Summary of valence-increasing morphology ............................................179 5.4.4 Valence-decreasing constructions ..............................................................180 5.4.4.1 Anti-passive –nan .............................................................................180 5.4.4.2 Middle voice ta- ................................................................................182 5.4.4.2.1 Positionals and ta- ....................................................................182 5.4.4.2.2 Resultatives and ta- ..................................................................183 5.4.4.2.3 Transitives and ta- ....................................................................183 5.4.4.2.4 Verbs in inceptive/causative alternation ..................................185 5.4.4.3 Reciprocal laa- ..................................................................................186 5.4.4.4 Reflexive –kan ..................................................................................187 5.4.4.5 Indefinite Subject –kan .....................................................................188 5.5 Other derivational morphemes ............................................................................189 5.5.1 Associative maq- ........................................................................................189 5.5.2 Distributive lak- .........................................................................................190 5.5.3 ‘Down’ .......................................................................................................190 5.5.4 Deictics ......................................................................................................191 5.5.5 Adverbial proclitics ....................................................................................192 5.5.5.1 Adverbial ’a= ....................................................................................192 5.5.5.2 Adverbial tsaa= .................................................................................192 5.5.5.3 Adverbial sih= ...................................................................................193 5.5.5.4 Adverbial sooqe= ..............................................................................193 5.5.5.5 Adverbial tuunu= ..............................................................................193 5.5.5.6 Adverbial tseeq= ...............................................................................194 5.5.6 Reduplicated sound and manner adverbials ...............................................194 5.6 The morphology of verb sequences ....................................................................195 5.6.1 Verb compounds ........................................................................................195 5.6.1.1 Transitive caused motion constructions ............................................197 5.6.1.2 Motion-while constructions ..............................................................198 5.6.1.3 Positional-while constructions ..........................................................199 ! %$$!
Page 1 and 2: The phonology and morphology of Fil
Page 3 and 4: Abstract The phonology and morpholo
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Acknowledgments..
Page 7 and 8: 2.6.4.2 Vowel harmony .............
Page 9: 3.3.11.2 Locative nominalizations .
Page 13 and 14: References ........................
Page 15 and 16: List of Maps and Tables Map 1.1 Fil
Page 17 and 18: List of Abbreviations 1exc First pe
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduc
Page 21 and 22: soon, and this language could near
Page 23 and 24: 1.5.1 Glottalization/laryngealizati
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 The phonology of Filomeno
Page 27 and 28: Table 2.3 Consonant features Root p
Page 29 and 30: seem to be mutually necessary for p
Page 31 and 32: 2.3.1.5 /#/. The glottal stop is a
Page 33 and 34: 13) Examples of /c"/ [c"an] ‘s/he
Page 35 and 36: 17) Examples of /#/ [#áq%aat h i&]
Page 37 and 38: 21) Examples of /l/ [laaqtsín] ‘
Page 39 and 40: Vowels never occur word-initially;
Page 41 and 42: 2.4.5 /o/. /o/ is a mid-back vowel
Page 43 and 44: "panóq h o& ‘loose-fitting’ "t
Page 45 and 46: ’aqoNqs" ‘he braids it’ "qooN
Page 47 and 48: 2.6.1.1 Nasal deletion and assimila
Page 49 and 50: 2.6.1.2 Lateral spirantization. Syl
Page 51 and 52: There are a number of roots with un
Page 53 and 54: 2.6.2.2.2.3 Degemination through di
Page 55 and 56: (including -qe’e and -qo’o). In
Page 57 and 58: 96) /maa-c"uku-ii/ 97) /maa-#tata-i
Page 59 and 60: For other speakers, vowel harmony c
Page 61 and 62:
122)/waa-nan-niita&-[cg] 2 / 123) /
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2.6.4.4.3.3 -ni! suffixes. Two nomi
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consonant, and don’t protect fina
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165) /ta-akta-aa-c"a’a&/ MV-desce
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fully deleted phonologically (see
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of words I have included as followi
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e followed only by a deictic (these
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196)/laa-laaqtsin-paa-titi&/ 197) /
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likely to show stress shift are the
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Declarative: [tá’ii s"ánati gab
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Table 2.12 Major and derived color
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Table 2.14 Sound and manner of moti
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colonialization. This would be afte
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212) Examples of loan words with li
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piritóra veladora candle pulátu p
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penultimate stress patterns, derive
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3.3.1.1 Plural affixes. Two general
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3.3.1.3 Agentive plural nouns. Besi
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4) lak-sáasti n tamáqn&u& PL-new
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11) Possessed-Possessor examples s%
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Table 3.7 Body part prefixes laqa-
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3.3.5.1 Locative ‘case’. While
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3.3.8 Derogatory derivation. A dero
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34) maya=séqeti& ‘nothing but gr
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The verbal derivational affixes inv
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Table 3.14 Locative nominalizations
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When possessed, this class of deriv
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3.3.11.6. ‘Ought to’ constructi
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49) s%-lii-ta-wilí-nii-ti& 3POSS-P
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3.4.1.2 Adjectives with optional =w
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Table 3.25 Reduplication in adjecti
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Of note is the fact that the number
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Chapter 4 Verbal Inflection 4.1 Int
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5) /k-maa-aa/ kmaa ‘I am lying do
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4.4 Inflectional categories. As sho
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Table 4.4 Overview of inflectional
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4.7.1.1.1 ka- & negative future. To
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4.7.1.2 Counterexpectational. The c
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4.7.2.2 Perfective aspect. The perf
Page 140 and 141:
ongoing ‘right now’. Progressiv
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51) kwésa naktaayáa /kwesa na-k-
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4.8.1 Subject inflection. The subje
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4.8.1.2 Second person subject. Seco
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Besides glottalization and the 2SUB
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85) taqamaanamáana /ta-qamaa-nan-m
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semantically required, in the case
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Table 4.9 Subject and object inflec
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complete linear structure of the FM
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5.2.4 Negative intensifiers. The th
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5.3.1.2 Desiderative mood. The suff
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5.3.2.3 Inceptive/Middle voice ta-.
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34) s%waayampaaqóotits’ /s"-waa-
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44) lamahkú*u& /la-maa-kú'u&/ liv
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eplaced by an idiosyncratic constru
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59) kaamaaqamáani /kaa-maa-qamaana
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As example 67 shows, ditransitives
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78) kintiimaamaatsamaníini s%maa
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81) ktaamináa /k-taa-min-aa/ 1SUB-
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Table 5.1 Comitative Paradigm with
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92) "aakatsiiní /#aa=katsii-nii-aa
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However, in the case of a causative
Page 184 and 185:
113) liitayáa /lii-ta=yaa-aa/ INST
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124) liitas%tú s%tíilan /lii-ta=s
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134) kaawakayáa /kaa-waka-aa/ LOC-
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146) kaac%eeqée /kaa-c"eeqee-aa/ L
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’aq#c"aa- ’aq#c"áan upper shou
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The BPPs comprise one of the very f
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167) kinc%aas%aamá /kin-c"aa-s"ama
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5.4.4 Valence-decreasing constructi
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A few verbs change meaning in a non
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Table 5.3 Transitive verbs taking m
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ta-qolu it rolls maa-qolu s/he roll
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eflexive verbs (see §4.8.2.1), the
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207) kkiitamaqskux"i& /k-kii-ta-maq
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THERE.2SUB is identical to the 2 nd
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224) "aaliwána k"tatá ’ás%ni n
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verbs are possible without any infl
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There are also several verb compoun
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5.6.2 Verb sequencing constructions
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254) kkatsiiníimaa qa"tawaqá /k-k
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268) tsúku s%tastiwí /tsuku-li& s
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Table 6.1 Verbal zones based on aff
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I categorized the responses of each
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2) kkaakiilaknikwilíiw /k-kaa-kii-
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8) talaaliis%kilí n kiw’i& /ta-l
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6.2.3.5 Position 8 instrumentals. A
Page 234 and 235:
able to appear to the right of the
Page 236 and 237:
One of my consultants perceived a s
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s%aktsaqsakutunpará /s"a-k-tsaqsa-
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Table 6.4 2 nd subject morphology s
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34) ktalakás%tu /k-ta-laka-s"tu-li
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harmony with the root (Table 2.9 co
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Table 6.9 Valence-changing subzone
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stress may fall include the encliti
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42) "aalantuunú n k"tatá /#aa=la-
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questions about the usefulness of c
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Caballero, Gabriela. 2008. Choguita
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Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The Languag
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Appendix A. Filomeno Mata Totonac a
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-maana PROG3 Progressive aspect, 3r
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tan- NC Numeral classifier §3.6.2
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The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac

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