Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

FROM GUNS TO MISSILES
“SAMs Spur Changes in Combat Tactics, New Equipment,” Aviation Week,
24 January 1966, 26, 30; US Army, “Air Defense Artillery Reference Handbook,”
study, 1977, 18–19, AUL; Lon Nordeen, Air Warfare in the Missile Age
(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1985), 15; and Laurence R.
Jensen, “Use of Intelligence Information to Determine Countermeasures Requirements
for the SA-2” (thesis, Air Command and Staff School, Maxwell
AFB, Ala., 1966), 9–10, AUL.
41. Marshall Michel, Clashes: Air Combat over North Vietnam, 1965–1972
(Annapolis: Naval Institute, 1997), 33; Jensen, “Use of Intelligence Information,”
28–42; Richard Rash, “Electronic Combat, Making the Other Guy Die
for His Country!” (thesis, Air War College, Maxwell AFB, Ala., March 1983),
7, 92, AUL; William Momyer, Air Power in Three Wars (Washington, D.C.:
Department of the Air Force, 1978), 138; and Wayne Thompson, To Hanoi
and Back: The US Air Force and North Vietnam, 1966–1973 (Washington,
D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 2000), 48.
42. Mary Cagle, “History of the Redeye Weapon System,” May 1974, 1–3, R.
43. Cullen and Foss, Jane’s Land-Based Air Defence, 1996–97, 292.
44. Chant, Air Defence Systems, 100; Tony Cullen and Christopher Foss,
eds., Jane’s Battlefield Air Defence, 1988–89 (Coulsdon, Surrey, U.K.: Jane’s,
1988), 201–2, 205; and Cullen and Foss, Jane’s Land-Based Air Defence,
1996–97, 298.
45. Morgan and Berhow, Rings of Supersonic Steel, 24.
46. Cagle, “Redeye,” 4.
47. In December 1958, the Army increased the Mauler requirement to
defeat targets of a one meter square radar cross section to the much more
difficult requirement of .1 meter square, which would allow engagement of
ballistic missiles. This increased cost and complexity by about 75 percent.
See Cagle, “Mauler,” 80, 105, 107, 168.
48. Ibid., 35, 227, 232, 243–44, 251, 255.
49. Ibid., 245, 251; and Chant, Air Defence Systems, 125.
50. The Navy began the Sidewinder project in the late 1940s and test-flew
the first missile in 1953. It was in service by 1956. See Duncan Lennox, ed.,
Jane’s Air-Launched Weapons (London: Jane’s, 2000), 82.
51. Mary Cagle, “History of the Chaparral/FAAR Air Defense System,”
May 1977, 3–5, 10, 18.
52. Cagle, “Chaparral,” 20, 36–37, 44, 66.
53. Ibid., 91–92, 109, 111, 114, 116, 129, 193–94; and Chant, Air Defence
Systems, 126.
54. Chant, Air Defence Systems, 127; and Tony Cullen and Christopher
Foss, eds., Jane’s Land-Based Air Defence, 1999–2000 (Coulsdon, Surrey,
U.K.: Jane’s, 1999), 168, 170.
55. Cagle, “Redeye,” 5–8.
56. Ibid., 8, 13. Probability of kill is the estimate of the chances of one
missile downing a target, in this case, a 35 to 40 percent chance.
57. The contract was for $1.58 million. See Cagle, “Redeye,” 14–18.
58. Ibid., 44–45.
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