OPERATIONS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE PERSIAN GULF Israel’s use <strong>of</strong> it. See Dupuy, Elusive Vic<strong>to</strong>ry, 549; Coleman, “The Israeli <strong>Air</strong> Force,” 18; and Nordeen, <strong>Air</strong> Warfare, 162–63. 20. Van Creveld, The Washing<strong>to</strong>n Papers, 31–32; Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli War, 350–51; Hansen, “The Development <strong>of</strong> Soviet <strong>Air</strong> Defense,” 533; His<strong>to</strong>rical Evaluation and Research Organization, “The Middle East War,” 148, 177; and Drew Middle<strong>to</strong>n, “Missiles Blunt Thrust <strong>of</strong> Traditional Tank-Plane Team,” New York Times, 2 November 1973, 19. 21. “Bekaa Valley Combat,” 1110; William Haddad, “Divided Lebanon,” Current His<strong>to</strong>ry, January 1982, 35. 22. “Antiaircraft Defence Force: The PLO in Lebanon,” Born in Battle, no. 27, 7, 32; R. D. M. Furlong, “Israel Lashes Out,” Interavia, August 1982, 1002–3; Clarence Robinson Jr., “Surveillance Integration Pivotal in Israeli Successes,” Aviation Week, 5 July 1982, 17; Edgar Ulsamer, “In Focus: TAC <strong>Air</strong> Feels the Squeeze,” <strong>Air</strong> Force Magazine, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 1982, 23; and Anthony Cordesman, “The Sixth Arab-Israeli Conflict,” Armed Forces Journal International, August 1982, 30. The IAF may have destroyed as many as 108 Syrian aircraft. See “Syrian Resupply,” Aerospace Daily, 15 November 1982, 74. 23. Furlong, “Israel,” 1002–3; Robinson, “Surveillance,”17; Ulsamer, “In Focus,” 23; Cordesman, “Sixth Arab-Israeli Conflict,” 30; “Bekaa Valley Combat,” 1110; Drew Middle<strong>to</strong>n, “Soviet Arms Come in Second in Lebanon,” New York Times, 19 September 1982, 2E; “Israeli Defense Forces in the Lebanon War,” Born in Battle, no. 30, 22, 45–47; “The Syrians in Lebanon,” no. 27, 12, 28, 31–33; and “SA-9 Firings Seen Part <strong>of</strong> Attempt <strong>to</strong> Probe Israeli Capabilities,” Aerospace Daily, 8 November 1982, 45. 24. Eugene Kozicharow, “Navy Blames <strong>Air</strong>craft Loss on Soviet Sensor Change,” Aviation Week, 12 December 1983, 25–26; Richard Halloran, “Navy, Stung by Criticism, Defends Cost <strong>of</strong> Bombing Raid in Lebanon,” New York Times, 7 December 1983, 1, 19; and Thomas Friedman, “US Ships Attack Syrian Positions in Beirut Region,” New York Times, 14 December 1983, 1. 25. “US Demonstrates Advanced Weapons Technology in Libya,” Aviation Week, 21 April 1986, 19; Fred Hiatt, “Jet Believed Lost, 5 Sites Damaged in Raid on Libya,” Washing<strong>to</strong>n Post, 16 April 1986, A25; and Anthony Cordesman, “After the Raid,” Armed Forces, August 1986, 359. 26. Cordesman, “After the Raid,” 358, 360. 27. Ibid., 355–60; “US <strong>Air</strong> Power Hits Back,” Defence Update/73, 1986, 27–32; Hiatt, “Jet Believed Lost,” A25; “US Demonstrates Advanced Weapons Technology in Libya,” 20, 21; David North, “<strong>Air</strong> Force, Navy Brief Congress on Lessons from Libya Strikes,” Aviation Week, 2 June 1986, 63; and Judith Miller, “Malta Says Libya Got Tip on Raid,” New York Times, 6 August 1983, 1, 8. 28. Flintham, <strong>Air</strong> Wars and <strong>Air</strong>craft, 195; John Fricker, Battle for Pakistan: The <strong>Air</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1965 (London: Allan, 1979), 122, 124, 183–84. Slightly different claims can be found in Nordeen, <strong>Air</strong> Warfare, 113. 29. Flintham, <strong>Air</strong> Wars and <strong>Air</strong>craft, 200–202; John Fricker, “Post- Mortem <strong>of</strong> an <strong>Air</strong> War,” <strong>Air</strong> Enthusiast, May 1972, 230, 232; Nordeen, <strong>Air</strong> 177
OPERATIONS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE PERSIAN GULF Warfare, 103–4; Borgart, “The Vulnerability,” 1066; and Pushpindar Chopra, “Journal <strong>of</strong> an <strong>Air</strong> War,” <strong>Air</strong> Enthusiast, April 1972, 177–83, 206. 30. Great Britain, Ministry <strong>of</strong> Defence, The Falklands Campaign: The Lessons (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1982), annex B, AUL; and Dov Zakheim, “The South Atlantic: Evaluating the Lessons” (paper presented at Southern Methodist University Conference on The Three Wars <strong>of</strong> 1982: Lessons <strong>to</strong> be Learned, Dallas, Tex., 15 April 1983), 29. 31. Jeffrey Ethell and Alfred Price, <strong>Air</strong> War South Atlantic (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1983), 146. 32. Ibid., 180–81; David Brown, “Countermeasures Aided British Fleet,” Aviation Week, 19 July 1982, 18; “British Government on Performance <strong>of</strong> Roland, Rapier in Falklands,” Aerospace Daily, 27 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 1982, 309; “British <strong>SAM</strong>s Credited with Most Kills in Falklands Conflict,” Aerospace Daily, 9 August 1982, 211; Insight Team <strong>of</strong> the Sunday Times (London), War in the Falklands (Cambridge, Mass.: Harper and Row Publishers, 1982), 201; Ministry <strong>of</strong> Defence, Falklands Campaign, 19, annex C; Derek Wood and Mark Hewish, “The Falklands Conflict, pt. 1: The <strong>Air</strong> War,” International Defense Review 8 (1982): 978, 980; Brian Moore, “The Falklands War: The <strong>Air</strong> Defense Role,” <strong>Air</strong> Defense Artillery (Winter 1983): 19; “Blowpipe Draws Commendation for Falklands Performance,” Aerospace Daily, 12 August 1982, 239; and David Griffiths, “Layered <strong>Air</strong> Defense Keyed British Falklands Vic<strong>to</strong>ry,” Defense Week, 30 August 1982, 13. The French claimed that nine Roland missiles downed four Harriers and damaged another, a claim fiercely disputed by the British. Interestingly, the British had attempted <strong>to</strong> sell their Rapier missile <strong>to</strong> the Argentines. See “Euromissile on Performance <strong>of</strong> Roland in Falklands, Middle East,” Aerospace Daily, 23 September 1982, 126; “Exocet, Roland Combat Performance Rated High,” Aviation Week, 1 November 1982, 26; and Anthony Cordesman, “The Falklands: The <strong>Air</strong> War and Missile Conflict,” Armed Forces Journal International, September 1982, 40. 33. Anthony Cordesman and Abraham Wagner, The Lessons <strong>of</strong> Modern War, vol. 3, The Afghan and Falklands Conflicts (Boulder: Westview, 1990), 337–38; Brad Roberts, “The Military Implications <strong>of</strong> the Falklands/Malvinas Island Conflict,” report no. 82-140F, Congressional Research Service, Library <strong>of</strong> Congress, August 1982, 15, AUL; Cordesman, “The Falklands,” 33, 35; Steward Menaul, “The Falklands Campaign: A War <strong>of</strong> Yesterday?” Strategic Review (Fall 1982): 87–88; Wood and Hewish, “The Falklands Conflict, pt. 1,” 978; Ezio Bonsignore, “Hard Lessons from the South Atlantic,” Military Technology, June 1982, 32; John Guilmartin, “The South Atlantic War: Lessons and Analytical Guideposts, A Military His<strong>to</strong>rian’s Perspective,” 17, Southern Methodist University Conference, April 1983; Ethell and Price, <strong>Air</strong> War South Atlantic, 120–21, 183, 217–18; and Jesus Briasco and Salvador Huertas, Falklands: Witness <strong>of</strong> Battles (Valencia, Spain: Domenech, 1985), 172. 34. Guilmartin, “The South Atlantic,” 12; and Ethell and Price, <strong>Air</strong> War South Atlantic, 179. 35. I have relied primarily on the <strong>of</strong>ficial British reports for the statistics. See Ministry <strong>of</strong> Defence, Falklands Campaign, annex B. See also the figures, 178
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Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER .
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CONTENTS Chapter Page 7 BALLISTIC M
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CONTENTS Figure Page 30 George Pred
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CONTENTS Figure Page 70 Blowpipe .
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Foreword Dr. Kenneth Werrell’s hi
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About the Author Dr. Kenneth P. Wer
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PREFACE always been a factor in air
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Artillery Institute
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ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD
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