Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

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Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ABOUT THE AUTHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION . . . . . . . . PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION . . . . . . . . . . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii iii xiii xv xvii xix xxi 1 ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD WAR II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 British Antiaircraft Artillery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The V-1 Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 American Antiaircraft Artillery . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 German Flak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Allied Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Fratricide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 The US Navy in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Japanese Antiaircraft Artillery . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 The Lessons of World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2 FROM GUNS TO MISSILES, 1945–1965 . . . . . . 69 Antiaircraft Returns to Combat: The Korean War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Antiaircraft Missiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3 AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS: VIETNAM . . . . 113 French Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 America Enters the War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 v
CONTENTS Chapter Page SAMs Join the Fight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 American Air Operations through Linebacker I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Linebacker II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 4 OPERATIONS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE PERSIAN GULF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Arab-Israeli Wars: 1948, 1956, 1967–1973 . . . 147 The 1973 War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Combat since 1973: Bekaa Valley . . . . . . . . . . 155 American Air Strikes in the Middle East, 1983–1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Indo–Pakistani War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 The Falkland Islands/Malvinas War, 1982 . . . 160 Other Actions in the 1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 5 BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE: THE EARLY YEARS TO 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Army Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 The Kennedy Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Ballistic Missile Defense: Rebirth . . . . . . . . . . 196 The Strategic Defense Initiative: Star Wars . . . 197 The Gulf War: Patriot versus Scud . . . . . . . . . 199 The Patriot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Patriot in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 6 GROUND-BASED AIR DEFENSE SINCE 1990: THE GULF, THE BALKANS, AND AFGHANISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 War in the Persian Gulf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Air Defense since 1991: Iraq, Balkans, and Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 vi
Page 2 and 3: Report Documentation Page Form Appr
Page 4 and 5: Air University Library Cataloging D
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS Chapter Page 7 BALLISTIC M
Page 10 and 11: CONTENTS Figure Page 30 George Pred
Page 12 and 13: CONTENTS Figure Page 70 Blowpipe .
Page 14 and 15: Foreword Dr. Kenneth Werrell’s hi
Page 16 and 17: About the Author Dr. Kenneth P. Wer
Page 18 and 19: PREFACE excluded from the original
Page 20 and 21: PREFACE always been a factor in air
Page 22 and 23: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Artillery Institute
Page 24 and 25: ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD
Page 34 and 35: Figure 7. British 40 mm light antia
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ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES American air
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES company deliv
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES (discussed la
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES flak rockets
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES 1953, the rat
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES to 1,285 in J
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 40. Ar
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES cember 1958,
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Figure 42. Nike Hercules. The Nike
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Airmen test-f
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Bomarc failed
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Despite knowl
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 47. Ha
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Army decided
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES The third fam
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES with both les
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES that fired ov
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 53. Br
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES The two-decad
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES A. H. Peterso
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FROM GUNS TO MISSILES “SAMs Spur
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Chapter 3 Airmen versus Guerrillas:
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS the next y
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS war with t
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS Figure 56.
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS firings fr
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS and Navy c
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS American A
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS but modifi
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS In all, du
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS least an e
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS War Vietna
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS D.C.: Depa
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AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS 97, 121; a
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Chapter 4 Operations between Vietna
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OPERATIONS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE
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Chapter 5 Ballistic Missile Defense
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Army cons
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Figure 80
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Figure 81. Spartan launch. The Spar
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE a limited
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE these wer
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE ment to c
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE developin
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Radar Int
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE when the
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE casualtie
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE fluential
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE missiles
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE psycholog
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 6. Army O
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE April 196
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 54. Reiss
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 74. GWAPS
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Chapter 6 Ground-Based Air Defense
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GROUND-BASED AIR DEFENSE SINCE 1990
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Chapter 7 Ballistic Missile Defense
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BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE IN THE 19
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Figure 96. Arrow launch.The Arrow i
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Chapter 8 Summary, Trends, and Conc
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SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS ev
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SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS te
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SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS EC
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Index A-1, 128, 227-28, 232 A-4, 12
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INDEX Convair, 98 Crotale, 158 D-da
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INDEX Gulf of Tonkin incident, 115
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INDEX Remagen, 24, 57, 270 RF-4C, 1
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INDEX SAM, 34, 74, 81-82, 84, 87, 9
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Archie to SAM A Short Operational H
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