Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Radar Interceptor Shelter Figure 86. Low altitude defense system (LoADS). The low altitude defense system was a mobile underground ABM system designed to protect American missile fields. Neither the missile field (Multiple Protective Shelter) nor LoADS was built. (Reprinted from Office of Technology Assessment.) The Strategic Defense Initiative: Star Wars On 23 March 1983, President Reagan delivered probably his most memorable speech and one of the country’s more significant presidential speeches, certainly in defense matters, in a number of decades. 49 The president called for new strategic defense thinking and a shift from a policy of nuclear deterrence to one of defense. Unlike those who pushed for a diplomatic solution to the problems of nuclear weapons and superpower rivalry, Reagan sought a technical solution. In his words, “Wouldn’t it be better to save lives than to avenge them?” He put forward a new 197
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE vision based on American technical and industrial capabilities to render offensive nuclear weapons “impotent and obsolete.” 50 The space-based Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) promised a way out of the “balance of terror,” the system of nuclear deterrence that had been American policy for decades. 51 Those who distrusted the movement toward arms control and feared that these treaties and the unrelenting arms buildup gave the Soviets parity, if not superiority, in strategic weapons cheered the proposal. 52 SDI would give the United States more options, play to American technical and industrial strengths, serve as a counter to Soviet BMD and heavy ICBMs, defend against both an accidental (or unauthorized) attack, and add uncertainty to an attacker’s considerations. Finally, an American BMD would provide insurance against the possibility of the Soviets cheating or breaking out of the ABM treaty. 53 Opponents of BMD quickly responded. They attempted to ridicule the system by naming it Star Wars for the popular, futuristic movie of the day, a tag quickly picked up and circulated by the media. There was substantial opposition from both the Air Force and Navy—both feared that SDI would take money from other programs. Of course, the arms-control community along with many in academia rose against the project. Close to 7,000 scientists pledged not to accept SDI money, including 15 Nobel Laureates and the majority in the physics departments at the nation’s top 20 colleges. The criticisms were perhaps best summarized by former president Jimmy Carter who called SDI “infeasible, extremely costly, misleading and an obstacle to nuclear arms control.” 54 The problems were as grand as the scheme. The technical obstacles were daunting, as this project was well beyond the state of the art, as were the costs, which were estimated in the range of hundreds of billions, with some going as high as one trillion, dollars. 55 A third major criticism of SDI was that it would unravel the various arms-control agreements (specifically violate the ABM treaty) and lead to an arms race. Opinion polls indicated that the public opposed SDI, especially when informed of its price. 56 The system made technical progress in the 1980s. One new development was a nonnuclear warhead, forced on the project 198
Page 2 and 3:
Report Documentation Page Form Appr
Page 4 and 5:
Air University Library Cataloging D
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER .
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTS Chapter Page 7 BALLISTIC M
Page 10 and 11:
CONTENTS Figure Page 30 George Pred
Page 12 and 13:
CONTENTS Figure Page 70 Blowpipe .
Page 14 and 15:
Foreword Dr. Kenneth Werrell’s hi
Page 16 and 17:
About the Author Dr. Kenneth P. Wer
Page 18 and 19:
PREFACE excluded from the original
Page 20 and 21:
PREFACE always been a factor in air
Page 22 and 23:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Artillery Institute
Page 24 and 25:
ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Figure 7. British 40 mm light antia
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES American air
Page 94 and 95:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES company deliv
Page 96 and 97:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES (discussed la
Page 98 and 99:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES flak rockets
Page 100 and 101:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES 1953, the rat
Page 102 and 103:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES to 1,285 in J
Page 104 and 105:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 40. Ar
Page 106 and 107:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES cember 1958,
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 42. Nike Hercules. The Nike
Page 110 and 111:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Airmen test-f
Page 112 and 113:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Bomarc failed
Page 114 and 115:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Despite knowl
Page 116 and 117:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 47. Ha
Page 118 and 119:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Army decided
Page 120 and 121:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES The third fam
Page 122 and 123:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES with both les
Page 124 and 125:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES that fired ov
Page 126 and 127:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 53. Br
Page 128 and 129:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES The two-decad
Page 130 and 131:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES A. H. Peterso
Page 132 and 133:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES “SAMs Spur
Page 134 and 135:
Chapter 3 Airmen versus Guerrillas:
Page 136 and 137:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS the next y
Page 138 and 139:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS war with t
Page 140 and 141:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS Figure 56.
Page 142 and 143:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS firings fr
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS and Navy c
Page 148 and 149:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS American A
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS but modifi
Page 156 and 157:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS In all, du
Page 158 and 159:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS least an e
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS War Vietna
Page 164 and 165:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS D.C.: Depa
Page 166 and 167:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS 97, 121; a
Page 168 and 169: Chapter 4 Operations between Vietna
Page 170 and 171: OPERATIONS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE
Page 202 and 203: Chapter 5 Ballistic Missile Defense
Page 204 and 205: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Army cons
Page 206 and 207: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Figure 80
Page 208 and 209: Figure 81. Spartan launch. The Spar
Page 210 and 211: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE a limited
Page 212 and 213: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE these wer
Page 214 and 215: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE ment to c
Page 216 and 217: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE developin
Page 220 and 221: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE when the
Page 222 and 223: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE casualtie
Page 224 and 225: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE fluential
Page 226 and 227: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE missiles
Page 228 and 229: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE psycholog
Page 230 and 231: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 6. Army O
Page 232 and 233: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE April 196
Page 234 and 235: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 54. Reiss
Page 236 and 237: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 74. GWAPS
Page 238 and 239: Chapter 6 Ground-Based Air Defense
Page 240 and 241: GROUND-BASED AIR DEFENSE SINCE 1990
Page 258 and 259: Chapter 7 Ballistic Missile Defense
Page 260 and 261: BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE IN THE 19
Page 264 and 265: Figure 96. Arrow launch.The Arrow i
Page 268 and 269:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE IN THE 19
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Chapter 8 Summary, Trends, and Conc
Page 292 and 293:
SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS ev
Page 294 and 295:
SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS te
Page 296 and 297:
SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS EC
Page 298 and 299:
Index A-1, 128, 227-28, 232 A-4, 12
Page 300 and 301:
INDEX Convair, 98 Crotale, 158 D-da
Page 302 and 303:
INDEX Gulf of Tonkin incident, 115
Page 304 and 305:
INDEX Remagen, 24, 57, 270 RF-4C, 1
Page 306 and 307:
INDEX SAM, 34, 74, 81-82, 84, 87, 9
Page 308:
Archie to SAM A Short Operational H
show all

Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?