Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE IN THE 1990S
html/tmd.html; Ficken, “Tactical Ballistic Missile Defense,” 21; and Cullen
and Foss, Jane’s Land-Based Air Defense, 284.
23. Confusion over cost may be due to the inclusion/exclusion of the
ground-based TMD-GBR sensor that will provide search and tracking information
to the TMD. See Cirincione and von Hippel, “Last 15 Minutes,” 48;
Cullen and Foss, Jane’s Land-Based Air Defense, 283–84; General Accounting
Office, Theater Missile Defense Program: Funding and Personnel Requirements
Are Not Fully Defined, December 1992, 10–11, HRA; Bradley Graham,
“Pentagon Gives THAAD a Boost,” Washington Post, 20 August 1999, 2;
Joseph Peterson, “Theater Missile Defense: Beyond Patriot?” Naval Postgraduate
School, June 1994, 97; and Schomisch, 1994/95 Guide, 250.
24. The Federal Bureau of Investigation cleared the contractor of these
allegations. See Bradley Graham, Hit to Kill: The New Battle over Shielding
America from Missile Attack (New York: Public Affairs, 2001), 228; Craig
Eisendrath, Melvin Gorman, and Gerald March, The Phantom Defense:
America’s Pursuit of the Star Wars Illusion (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001),
23; William Broad, “New Anti-Missile System to be Tested this Week,” New
York Times, 24 May 1999, 1; and Walker, Martin, and Watkins, Strategic Defense,
103.
25. BMDO, “Fact Sheet, THAAD,” 1; Glenn Goodman, “Layered Protection,”
Armed Forces Journal International, November 2000; Bradley Graham,
“Anti-Ballistic Missile Has 2d Hit,” Washington Post, 3 August 1999, 6;
James Hackett, “What the THAAD Hit Means,” Washington Times, 15 June
1999, 18; Robert Holzer, “U.S. Navy Rips Missile Merger,” Defense News, 8
February 1999, 3; and Philip Shelton, “After Six Failures, Test on Antimissile
System Succeeds,” New York Times, 11 June 1999.
26. John Donnelly, “THAAD Intercepts Were Unrealistic, Top Tester Says,”
Defense Daily, 23 August 1999, 1; Graham, “Pentagon Gives THAAD a
Boost,” 2; and “THAAD Test Flight Pushed Back as Accelerated Development
is Mulled,” Inside Missile Defense, 14 July 1999, 4; and Coyle, “Rhetoric or
Reality?”
27. BMDO, “Fact Sheet: Navy Area Ballistic Missile Defense Program,”
November 2000, 1–2, http://www.acq.osd.mil/bmdo/bmdolink/html/tmd.
html; “Navy Optimistic Following Recent Success of Navy Area Missile Defense
System,” Defense Daily, 28 August 2000; Peter Skibitski, “Navy Again
Slides Date of First Area Anti-Ballistic Missile Shot,” Inside the Navy, 13
March 2000; “White House Decision May Move Sea-Based NMD into Spotlight,”
Inside Missile Defense, 6 September 2000; Robert Wall and David
Fulghum, “What’s Next For Navy Missile Defense,” Aviation Week and Space
Technology, 24 December 2001, 44; and Ron Laurenzo, “Adridge Speaks on
Osprey, Missile Defense, More,” Space and Missile Defense Report, 3 January
2002, 1.
28. John Donnelly, “Pentagon Plans $5 Billion for ‘Upper Tier’ Missile
Defense,” Defense Week, 20 December 1999, 1.
29. Gronlund, “The Weakest Line of Defense,” 48; Heebner, “An Overview,”
56; Peterson, “Theater Missile Defense,” 72; Schomisch, 1994/95 Guide, 75,
263