Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS
craft since 1908, rev. ed. (London: Putnam, 1971), 267–69; Julian Lake and
Richard Hartman, “Air Electronic Warfare,” US Naval Institute Proceedings,
October 1976, 46; and “US Marine Corps Forces in Vietnam: March
1965–September 1967, Historical Summary,” 2:36.
22. Nordeen, Air Warfare, 16; and Burbage, “The Battle for the Skies,” 240.
23. McCrea, “Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses and Damages,” 2-24, 2-29;
Michel, Clashes, 225; USAF Pacific Command Scientific Advisory Group,
“Shrike Missile Effectiveness under Rolling Thunder Operations” (Working
paper 1-67, Headquarters of the Commander in Chief Pacific, Scientific Advisory
Group, January 1967), 1, AUL; USAF Pacific Command Scientific Advisory
Group, “Shrike Effectiveness under Rolling Thunder Operation, First
Quarter, 1967,” (Working paper 7–67, assistant for operations analysis,
Headquarters Pacific Air Forces, April 1967), 1, AUL; Nordeen, Air Warfare,
18–19; Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, uncoordinated draft, “Linebacker
Study,” staff study, January 1973, 7, HRA; and Burbage, “The Battle
for the Skies,” 247.
24. Report of Tactical Air Command (TAC), Directorate of Fighter Operations,
“SEA Tactics Review Brochure,” April 1973, 2:77–79, AUL; Nordeen,
Air Warfare, 19, 22; Swanborough and Bowers, United States Military Aircraft,
471; and Momyer, Air Power in Three Wars, 130.
25. Ivan Rendall, Rolling Thunder: Jet Combat from World War II to the
Gulf War (New York: Free Press, 1997), 151–54.
26. McCrea, “Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses and Damages,” 2–24; Michel,
Clashes, 37–38, 62; Nordeen, Air Warfare, 23–24; Burbage, “Battle for the
Skies,” 240; Momyer, Air Power in Three Wars, 127; and Lake and Hartman,
“Air Electronic Warfare,” 47.
27. Michel, Clashes, 127.
28. Littauer and Uphoff, The Air War in Indochina, 283.
29. Schemmer, table 351.
30. Ibid.; Carl Berger et al., eds., The United States Air Force in Southeast
Asia: 1961–1973 (Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1977), 116;
Armitage and Mason, Air Power in the Nuclear Age, 2; James Coath and
Michael Kilian, Heavy Losses: The Dangerous Decline of America’s Defense
(New York: Penguin Books, 1985), 136–37; Warren Young, The Helicopters
(Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1982), 140; and Peter Mersky, US Marine
Corps Aviation: 1912 to the Present (Baltimore, Md.: Nautical and Aviation,
1987), 244. In Vietnam, on average, one helicopter was hit on every 450 sorties,
one downed on every 7,000, and one lost on every 20,000. See Peter
Borgart, “The Vulnerability of Manned Airborne Weapon Systems, pt. 3: Influence
on Tactics and Strategy,” International Defense Review, December
1977, 1065.
31. Claude Morita, “Implication of Modern Air Power in a Limited War,”
Report of interview with Gen John Vogt Jr., commander, Seventh Air Force,
Office of Pacific Air Forces History, 29 November 1973, 23–24, AUL; John
Doglione et al., Airpower and the 1972 Spring Invasion, monograph 3 in
USAF Southeast Asia Monograph Series, ed., Arthur J. C. Lavalle (Washington
142