Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD WAR II
bow Committee, V-1, vol. 2,” 7 August 1944, S.B. 60093, HRA; Report of
British Air Ministry, “Air Defence of Great Britain Tactical Memoranda I.G.
no. 9675,” 24 November 1944, HRA; British Air Ministry, “Air Defence of
Great Britain,” 126; Hillery Saunders, Royal Air Force, 1939, 1945, vol. 3,
The Fight Is Won (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1954), 165.
24. Hill, “Air Operations,” 5592, 5594; “Air Defence of Great Britain,” 121,
151, 179; Saunders, Royal Air Force, 165; and Collier, Defence of the UK, 380.
25. AC/AS Intelligence, “Flying Bomb,” 8, HRA; Mary Welborn, “Over-all
Effectiveness of First US Army Antiaircraft Guns Against Tactical Aircraft”
(working paper, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, D.C., 18 January
1950), 6, AUL; Report of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces
(SHAEF), Air Defense Division, “Notes on German Flying Bomb,” 22 August
1944, HRA.
26. A related but almost entirely overlooked issue is that of the ground
damage caused by the antiaircraft artillery shells. In one instance during
World War I, for example, the shells caused one-third more damage than did
German bombs. See James Crabtree, On Air Defense (Westport, Conn.:
Praeger, 1994), 17.
27. Friendly fire also downed British fighters. In the first week, flak shot
down two Tempests. See Bob Ogley, Doodlebugs and Rockets: The Battle of
the Flying Bombs (Brasted Chart, Westerham, U.K.: Froglets, 1992), 83; and
Pile, Ack-Ack, 330–33.
28. Hill, “Air Operations,” 5592, 5594; SHAEF notes, 26 July 1944, HRA;
and Collier, Defence of the UK, 375.
29. Hill, “Air Operations,” 5596–97; and British Air Ministry, “Air Defence
of Great Britain,” 133–35. For another suggestion for a coastal belt, see Lt
Gen Carl Spaatz to supreme commander, SHAEF, letter, subject: The Use of
Heavy Anti-Aircraft against Diver, 11 July 1944, HRA.
30. Collier, Defence of the UK, 381–83; and Collier, V-Weapons, 91–95.
31. Pile, Ack-Ack, 334–35; Hill, “Air Operations,” 5597; Collier, Defence of
the UK, 523.
32. British Air Ministry, “Air Defence of Great Britain,” 130; “Flying
Bomb,” 8; and SHAEF notes, 15 August 1944, HRA.
33. British Air Ministry, “Air Defence of Great Britain,” 106; and Ralph
Baldwin, The Deadly Fuze (San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1980), 261–66.
34. Collier, Defence of the UK, 523; Welborn, “V-1 and V-2 Attacks,” table
2; Hill, “Air Operations,” 5599.
35. Collier, Defence of the UK, 523; and Welborn, “V-1 and V-2 Attacks,” 10.
36. Hill, “Air Operations,” 5599, 5601; “Air Launched ‘Divers’ September
and October 1944,” HRA; British Air Ministry, “Air Defence of Great Britain,”
113; Collier, Defence of the UK, 389, 391, 522; Saunders, Royal Air Force,
167–68; Seventeenth report by assistant chief air staff (Intelligence), “War
Cabinet Chiefs of Staff Committee Crossbow,” 22 July 1944, HRA; and Collier,
V-Weapons, 119, 131.
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