Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PREFACE always been a factor in air wars. There is no indication that this influence will diminish in the future. The neglect of the subject of ground-based air defense systems on the one hand, contrasted with its importance on the other, prompted this study. In it, I have traced the historical record from World War I up through a number of smaller conflicts in the 1980s. Although primarily a narrative, I have tried to analyze the story and draw from it some generalizations, however tentative they may be. I prefer “generalizations” to the often-misused term “lessons.” The acknowledgments indicate where I conducted my research, and the endnotes document the material upon which I based this study. Research was overwhelmingly confined to English language sources, the basis of which was US Air Force, Army, and Navy documents and studies. In addition, I found primary materials dealing with both the Royal Air Force and Luftwaffe. I made considerable use of secondary sources, and I employed a few interviews. Admittedly, the major difficulty with this study is that, while I found materials from both sides covering the World Wars, my coverage of the Korean, Vietnam, and the Middle East Wars is drawn primarily from one side. Finally, I did not use the rich, although spotty, classified materials for obvious reasons. Without preempting the conclusions, a number of themes are present. A study of the evolution of ground-based air defense weapons provides a classic view of the perennial contest between offense and defense, as well as of the impact of technology on warfare. More than just technology is involved, however; coverage includes such topics as tactics, leadership, change, and innovation. Perhaps most important, this subject cannot be even casually studied without the distinct impression that many of the main features of aircraft versus ground-based air defense battles are repeated over and over again. Clearly, lessons and generalizations abound in this story. I trust my treatment will do justice to the topic; that is, I hope the result makes up for some of the previous neglect of this subject and is commensurate with its past and continuing importance. xx
Acknowledgments Many individuals and organizations helped make this book possible. First, I wish to thank those at my home institution, Radford University, who encouraged and made possible my work with the Air University: the Board of Visitors; Dr. Donald Dedmon, president; Dr. David Moore, vice president for Academic Affairs; Dr. W. D. Stump, dean of the School of Arts and Sciences; and Dr. W. K. Roberts, chairman of the Department of History. Lt Gen Charles Cleveland, former commander of the Air University; Maj Gen David Gray, USAF, retired; and Maj Gen Paul Hodges, former commandant of the Air War College, were unsparing in their support throughout this project. Col Thomas Fabyanic, USAF, retired, the founder and first director of the ARI, and Col Kenneth Alnwick, USAF, retired, his successor, deserve much of the credit for helping conceive the concept, encourage the project, and remove many of the barriers encountered. Also, special thanks to Col Neil Jones, USAF, retired; Brig Gen John C. Fryer Jr.; and Col Sidney J. Wise, who provided vital publication assistance. Others at the Air University helped in many important ways, especially Col Dennis Drew, Preston Bryant, Dianne Parrish, John Westcott, and Dorothy McCluskie. Many individuals helped in document processing: Lula Barnes, Sue Carr, Carolyn Ward, Marcia Williams, and Cynthia Hall. For logistical support I am thankful to Capt Harbert Jones, Betty Brown, and Marilyn Tyus. The US Air Force History Program helped in a number of ways. Individuals include Dr. Richard Morse, Lynn Gamma, Judy Endicott, Pressley Bickerstaff, and Margaret Claiborn of the US Air Force Historical Research Center. The Air University Library played a key role in making this book possible, with special thanks due Tomma Pastorett, Ruth Griffin, and Kathleen Golson. The US Army also lent considerable support to this project. Especially helpful were several agencies at Fort Bliss: Air Defense School, Air Defense Museum, and Directorate of Combat Development. Special thanks are due Jesse Stiller, the Air Defense Artillery Command Historian. Overseas, Air Commodore H. A. Probert, Humphrey Wynn, and J. P. McDonald, at the Air Historical Branch, London; the staff at the Royal xxi
Page 2 and 3: Report Documentation Page Form Appr
Page 4 and 5: Air University Library Cataloging D
Page 6 and 7: Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER .
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS Chapter Page 7 BALLISTIC M
Page 10 and 11: CONTENTS Figure Page 30 George Pred
Page 12 and 13: CONTENTS Figure Page 70 Blowpipe .
Page 14 and 15: Foreword Dr. Kenneth Werrell’s hi
Page 16 and 17: About the Author Dr. Kenneth P. Wer
Page 18 and 19: PREFACE excluded from the original
Page 22 and 23: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Artillery Institute
Page 24 and 25: ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD
Page 34 and 35: Figure 7. British 40 mm light antia
Page 70 and 71:
ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES American air
Page 94 and 95:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES company deliv
Page 96 and 97:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES (discussed la
Page 98 and 99:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES flak rockets
Page 100 and 101:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES 1953, the rat
Page 102 and 103:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES to 1,285 in J
Page 104 and 105:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 40. Ar
Page 106 and 107:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES cember 1958,
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 42. Nike Hercules. The Nike
Page 110 and 111:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Airmen test-f
Page 112 and 113:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Bomarc failed
Page 114 and 115:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Despite knowl
Page 116 and 117:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 47. Ha
Page 118 and 119:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Army decided
Page 120 and 121:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES The third fam
Page 122 and 123:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES with both les
Page 124 and 125:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES that fired ov
Page 126 and 127:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES Figure 53. Br
Page 128 and 129:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES The two-decad
Page 130 and 131:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES A. H. Peterso
Page 132 and 133:
FROM GUNS TO MISSILES “SAMs Spur
Page 134 and 135:
Chapter 3 Airmen versus Guerrillas:
Page 136 and 137:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS the next y
Page 138 and 139:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS war with t
Page 140 and 141:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS Figure 56.
Page 142 and 143:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS firings fr
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS and Navy c
Page 148 and 149:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS American A
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS but modifi
Page 156 and 157:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS In all, du
Page 158 and 159:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS least an e
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS War Vietna
Page 164 and 165:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS D.C.: Depa
Page 166 and 167:
AIRMEN VERSUS GUERRILLAS 97, 121; a
Page 168 and 169:
Chapter 4 Operations between Vietna
Page 170 and 171:
OPERATIONS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Chapter 5 Ballistic Missile Defense
Page 204 and 205:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Army cons
Page 206 and 207:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Figure 80
Page 208 and 209:
Figure 81. Spartan launch. The Spar
Page 210 and 211:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE a limited
Page 212 and 213:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE these wer
Page 214 and 215:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE ment to c
Page 216 and 217:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE developin
Page 218 and 219:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Radar Int
Page 220 and 221:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE when the
Page 222 and 223:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE casualtie
Page 224 and 225:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE fluential
Page 226 and 227:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE missiles
Page 228 and 229:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE psycholog
Page 230 and 231:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 6. Army O
Page 232 and 233:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE April 196
Page 234 and 235:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 54. Reiss
Page 236 and 237:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE 74. GWAPS
Page 238 and 239:
Chapter 6 Ground-Based Air Defense
Page 240 and 241:
GROUND-BASED AIR DEFENSE SINCE 1990
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Chapter 7 Ballistic Missile Defense
Page 260 and 261:
BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE IN THE 19
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Figure 96. Arrow launch.The Arrow i
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Chapter 8 Summary, Trends, and Conc
Page 292 and 293:
SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS ev
Page 294 and 295:
SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS te
Page 296 and 297:
SUMMARY, TRENDS, AND CONCLUSIONS EC
Page 298 and 299:
Index A-1, 128, 227-28, 232 A-4, 12
Page 300 and 301:
INDEX Convair, 98 Crotale, 158 D-da
Page 302 and 303:
INDEX Gulf of Tonkin incident, 115
Page 304 and 305:
INDEX Remagen, 24, 57, 270 RF-4C, 1
Page 306 and 307:
INDEX SAM, 34, 74, 81-82, 84, 87, 9
Page 308:
Archie to SAM A Short Operational H
show all

Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?