Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air ...

ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE THROUGH WORLD WAR II
German Flak, 325; MAAF, “Ploesti,” 1–3; AAF Evaluation Board, “Ploesti,” ii;
Fifteenth Air Force, “The Air Battle of Ploesti,” report, n.d., 83, HRA.
59. Von Renz, “Development of German Antiaircraft Weapons,” 380;
USAFE, “Post Hostilities Investigation,” 8:11; USSBS report, European War,
no. 115, “Ammoniakwerke Merseburg, G.M.B.H., Leuna, Germany,” March
1947, 7–16, 21, AUL; and Frank Anderson, “German Antiaircraft Defenses
in World War II,” Air University Quarterly Review (Spring 1954): 85.
60. USAFE, “Post Hostilities Investigation,” 5:2; Report of Army Air Forces
Evaluation Board European Theater of Operations, “Flak Defenses of Strategic
Targets in Southern Germany,” 20 January 1945, 25, HRA; Report of
Mediterranean Allied Air Forces, “Flak and MAAF,” 7 May 1945, 9, HRA; and
Report of Fifteenth Air Force, “Comparative Analysis of Altitudes and Flak Experienced
during the Attacks on Vienna 7 and 8 February 1945,” 3–4, HRA.
61. Westermann, Flak, 110–11.
62. A gram weighs .035 ounces.
63. Von Renz, “Development of German Antiaircraft Weapons,” 257;
USAFE, “Post Hostilities Investigation,” 7:7, 37; USSBS, “The German Flak
Effort Throughout the War,” 13 August 1945, 16, 19, HRA; Johannes Mix,
“The Significance of Anti-Aircraft Artillery and the Fighter Arm at the End of
the War,” Flugwehr und Technik, February–March 1950, 5, 10; Thomas Edwards
and Murray Geisler, “Estimate of Effect on Eighth Air Force Operations
if German Antiaircraft Defenses Had Used Proximity Fuzed (VT) Ammunition,”
report no. 1, Operations Analysis, AC/AS-3, Headquarters Army
Air Forces, Washington, D.C., 15 February 1947, HRA; and USAFE, Walter
von Axtheim, “Interrogation Report,” vol. 12 (1945): 26–27, HRA.
64. Von Renz, “Development of German Antiaircraft Weapons,” 340–43,
353; Ernst Klee and Otto Merk, The Birth of the Missile—The Secret of Peenemünde
(New York: E. P. Dutton, 1965), 65; and Westermann, Flak, 164,
196–97, 209, 227.
65. Von Renz, “Development of German Antiaircraft Weapons,” 257;
USAFE, Von Axthelm, “Interrogation Report,” 24; and USAFE, “Post Hostilities
Investigation,” 3:43–44.
66. Von Renz, “Development of German Antiaircraft Weapons,” 357;
USAFE, “Post Hostilities Investigation,” vol. 12, figs. 61, 8, 9, and 1:23; Willy
Ley, Rockets, Missiles and Space Travel (New York: Viking Press, 1951),
222–23, 393.
67. There are various accounts of these missiles, as the citations indicate.
I have relied primarily on Military Intelligence Division, “Handbook on
Guided Missiles: Germany and Japan,” no. 461, 1946 (hereafter cited as
MID 461). It is a single source, has the most detailed technical data, and is
a postwar publication. Also, see Von Renz, “Development of German Antiaircraft
Weapons,” 362; Von Axthelm, “Interrogation Report”; USAFE, “Post
Hostilities Investigation,” 12:7, fig. 60; Klee and Merk, The Birth of Missiles,
68, 86; and Ley, Rockets, Missiles and Space Travel, 395.
68. MID 461; USAFE, “Post Hostilities Investigation,” 12:8, fig. 61; and Ley,
Rockets, Missiles and Space Travel, 223, 394.
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