NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA - CNATRA - The US Navy

Standard Pressure Region when a combination of an unusually
low atmospheric pressure and extremely low temperature are
encountered along with a further "local drop" in pressure
resulting from the increase in wind speed associated with
Mountain Waves. Pilots should keep in mind that, when
computing pressure drops from a given wind speed, the error is
nearly twice as great in saturated air as it is in unsaturated air.
(NAV CANADA/GPH 204, CH 7, SEC 2)
VERTICAL SEPARATION - Semi-circular. For certain
exceptions see the "CRUISING ALTITUDE DIAGRAMS" in Section
"C" of the Canadian Flight Supplement. Also note on the Canada
and North Atlantic Enroute Charts that the pointed end of the
airway/air route identifier indicates direction of flight for even
altitudes on the Enroute Low, and for "A" levels on the Enroute
High. ATC, at their discretion, may assign an altitude not
appropriate to these indicated directions of flight. For reason of
icing, turbulence, operating limitations or fuel conservation a pilot
may therefore request and, if feasible, ATC may assign an altitude
not appropriate to the direction of flight. However, if the pilot
initiates the request he is expected to advise ATC as soon as he is
able to accept an altitude that is appropriate to the direction of
flight.
(NAV CANADA/GPH 204, CH 8, SEC 1)
POSITION REPORTING - Standard except:
1. For operations in the Northern and Arctic Control Areas see
Special Procedures under Flight Planning.
2. The pilot of an aircraft assigned an altitude NOT appropriate
to the direction of flight will NOT be authorized by ATC to omit
position reports when in a radar environment.
(SPEC/RAC 8-1)
Standard VFR except:
VISUAL FLIGHT RULES
1. WEATHER MINIMA FOR VFR FLIGHT -
a. CONTROLLED AIRSPACE -
(1) Within Control Zones, unless otherwise authorized
by air traffic control unit.
horizontally
horizontally
(a) Ground visibility 3 SM
(b) Distance from cloud 500’ vertically and 1 SM
(c) Distance from ground or water 500’ vertically
(2) Within Control Area
(a) Flight visibility 3 SM
(b) Distance from cloud 500’ vertically and 1 SM
b. OUTSIDE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE -
horizontally
(1) Within an Airport Traffic Zone
(a) Ground visibility 3 SM
(b) Distance from cloud 500’ vertically and 1 SM
CANADA 3-9
(c) Distance from ground or water 500’ vertically,
1000’ vertically for military fixed wing aircraft.
(NAV CANADA/GPH 204, CH 4, SEC 2)
(2) Outside Airport Traffic Zones, at or above 700’ from
ground or water
horizontally
(a) Flight visibility 1 SM ➀
(b) Distance from cloud 500’ vertically and 2000’
(3) Outside Airport Traffic Zones, below 700’ from
ground or water
(a) Flight visibility 1 SM ➀➁
(b) Distance from cloud - clear of cloud
➀Flight visibility 2 SM for fixed wing aircraft in that area in British
Columbia and the adjacent coastal waters that can be generally
described as being E of the ridge of the Coast Mountains to and
including Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands.
➁A helicopter may be operated below 700’ from the ground or
water when the flight visibility is less than 1 SM but not less than
1/2 SM provided it is operated at such a reduced air speed as will
give the pilot-in-command adequate opportunity to see other air
traffic or obstructions in time to avoid a collision.
(NAV CANADA/GPH 205, SEC C & RAC 2-8)
2. CONTROLLED VISUAL FLIGHT RULES (CVFR)
PROCEDURES -
a. File a flight plan and obtain an ATC clearance prior to
entering Class B Airspace. ATC clearance will not normally be
issued prior to take-off, but rather upon receipt of a position
report filed by the pilot upon reaching the last 1000’ altitude below
the base or before entering laterally. The clearance shall be read
by the pilot to assure accuracy. This procedure is intended to
ensure that radio equipment is operating and to remind the pilot
that outside of Class B Airspace ATC separation is not provided
and that they must maintain a vigilant watch for other traffic. The
ATC clearance will contain the phrase "MAINTAIN (altitude) VFR".
All military pilots flying under CVFR must possess a valid
instrument rating and CVFR flight must be conducted in
accordance with procedures designated for use by IFR flight,
except that when IFR weather conditions are encountered, the
pilot of a CVFR flight must avoid such weather conditions. This
should be accomplished by:
(1) Requesting an amended ATC clearance which will
enable the aircraft to remain in VFR weather conditions.
(2) Requesting an IFR clearance if aircraft is equipped
for IFR flight.
(3) Requesting a special VFR if within a control zone.
b. If unable to comply with the preceding, ensure that the
aircraft is in VFR weather conditions at all times and leave Class B
Airspace horizontally or by descending. If the airspace is a control
zone, land, at the airport on which the control zone is based. In
both cases inform ATC as soon as possible of the action taken.
(NAV CANADA/GPH 204, CH 4, SEC 4 & RAC 5-3)
3. CLASS C AIRSPACE OTHER THAN A CONTROL ZONE -
a. In the interest of flight safety around major airports a
special service to VFR flight is provided. These areas are based at