NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA - CNATRA - The US Navy

3-54 UNITED STATES
communications while in Class A Airspace.
(SPEC/14 CFR 91.135)
(c) Aircraft must be equipped with an operable
coded radar beacon transponder having either Mode 3/A 4096
code capability, replying to Mode 3/A interrogations with the code
specified by ATC and automatically replies to Mode C
interrogations by transmitting pressure altitude information in 100’
increments.
(SPEC/14 CFR 91.215)
(d) Pilots may deviate from these provisions if
authorization is issued by the ATC facility having jurisdiction of
airspace concerned. In case of inoperable transponder, ATC may
immediately approve operation in Class A Airspace allowing flight
to continue if desired to airport of destination including
intermediate stops, or to proceed to airport for suitable repairs, or
both. Request for deviation from these provisions must be
submitted in writing at least 4 days prior to proposed operation.
ATC may authorize a deviation on a continuing basis or an
individual flight.
(SPEC/14 CFR 91.135)
(4) Altitude reservations may be obtained in Class A
Airspace.
(5) Local flying areas can be established within Class A
Airspace to permit activity in which aircraft do not maintain
constant heading and/or direction. Local flying areas are not
Restricted Areas but will be open to any user, traffic permitting.
ATC clearance is required and aircraft will be assigned to a FL or
group of FL by ATC, depending on activity. Using military
organizations may schedule aircraft to operate in these local
flying areas in excess of the quantities that can be accepted by
ATC, subject to MARSA. In this event, participating aircraft must
remain in VFR conditions to preclude collision with other aircraft
in the local flying area.
(6) Procedures for entering and departing Class A
Airspace are in the FLIP Flight Information Handbook, Section B.
b. HIGH ALTITUDE AREA - The airspace above FL450 where
no predetermined routes exist and free selection of routes is
permitted.
(1) From above FL450 to FL600 navigation may be
conducted via the NAVAIDS serving the jet route system
provided the NAVAIDS selected to define a route are not more
than 200 NM apart.
(2) The route of flight above FL600 will contain at least
one fix within each ARTCC area through which flight is planned
without regard to distance between fixes. These fixes designated
will be in relation to NAVAIDS serving the jet route system.
Position reports and estimates may be requested in the event
radar monitoring is not possible and a crossing of courses will
occur. Fixes used are not compulsory reporting points. Military
organizations using the airspace above FL600 will employ coded
altitudes in position reporting. These codes are changed annually
and are available from HQ ACC/DOR, Langley AFB (KLFI), VA,
DSN 574-7982.
c. JET ROUTE SYSTEM - Specified routes established in the
airspace from 18,000’ MSL to FL450 inclusive.
(1) Jet routes are identified by "J" followed by the
route number, e.g., J151. Jet routes are predicated solely on
VOR or VORTAC navaids except in Alaska where some jet route
segments are based on LF/MF navaids.
(2) Reporting points are designated for jet routes.
Aircraft will report over these points unless otherwise advised by
ATC.
(SPEC/ENR 3.5-2)
d. AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) ROUTES
(1) Published RNAV routes, including Q-Routes and T-
Routes, can be flight planned for use by aircraft with RNAV
capability, subject to any limitations or requirements noted on
enroute charts, in applicable Advisory Circulars, or by NOTAM.
RNAV routes are depicted in blue on aeronautical charts and are
identified by the letter “Q” or “T” followed by the airway number
(e.g., Q13, T205). Published RNAV routes are RNAV-2 except
when specifically charted as RNAV-1. These routes require
system performance currently met by GPS or DME/DME/IRU
RNAV systems that satisfy the criteria discussed in AC 90-100A,
U.S. Terminal and En Route Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations.
(2) Q-routes are available for use by RNAV equipped
aircraft between 18,000 feet MSL and FL450 inclusive. Q-routes
are depicted on Enroute High Altitude Charts.
(3) T-routes are available for use by RNAV equipped
aircraft from 1200 feet above the surface (or in some instances
higher) up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL. T-routes are
depicted on Enroute Low Altitude Charts.
(4) Unpublished RNAV routes are direct routes, based
on area navigation capability, between waypoints defined in
terms of latitude/longitude coordinates, degree-distance fixes, or
offsets from established routes/airways at a specified distance
and direction. Radar monitoring by ATC is required on all
unpublished RNAV routes.
(SPEC/ENR 3.3-1)
e. VOR AND LF/MF AIRWAYS - Specified routes that extend
from 1200’ AGL (or, in some instances, higher) up to but not
including 18,000’ MSL. These airways are depicted on enroute low
altitude charts.
(1) VOR airways are depicted in black and identified by
"V" followed by the airway number, e.g., V23. VOR airways are
predicated solely on VOR or VORTAC navaids except in Alaska
and coastal North Carolina where some VOR airway segments
are based on LF/MF navaids and charted in brown instead of
black.
(USN/NAVFIG FIL 06-017)
(2) An airway segment common to two or more routes
carries the numbers of all the airways which coincide for that
segment. Only the airway number of the airway being used needs
to be filed in a flight plan.
(3) Reporting points are designated for VOR airways.
Aircraft will report over these points unless otherwise advised by
ATC.
(4) LF/MF airways are predicated solely on LF/MF
navaids and are depicted in brown.
(SPEC/ENR 3.5-1)
f. CLASS B AIRSPACE - Generally, that airspace from the
surface to 10,000’ MSL surrounding the nation's busiest airports in
terms of IFR operations or passenger enplanements. The
configuration of each Class B Airspace area is individually tailored
and consists of a surface area and two or more layers and is
designed to contain all published instrument procedures once an