Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumsecondary mechanism is linked to the increased lipid peroxidation in microsomes of liverand kidneys [5]. The third mechanism of toxicity of ochratoxin is based on inhibition ofrespiration in mitochondria, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of protein transmitterslocalized on the inner membrane and mitochondria. It is teratogenic agent with differentpotency in various animal species, as the result of different possibilities of placentaltransfer. Mice, rats, hemsters and chickens are sensitive, while pigs are resistant.Carcinogenic properties of ochratoxin exhibit a high frequency of renal adenomas andcancer, especially in males, with frequent metastases in the liver and lymph nodes, andin females the multiplication of fibroadenoma in milk glands. Ochratoxin A exertsimmunosuppressive action [12].Toxic effects depend on the species and animal age, gender, health status, degree ofcontamination and the length of ingestion of contaminated feed. Toxicity is significantlyaffected by the form of toxins (OA, OB, OC, OD, OA methyl ester, methyl ester OB,OB-ethyl ester, O and O ). LD50 for ducks is approximately 0.5 mg/kg of BW (to 3mg/kg BW), for goats 3 mg/kg BW, pigs 6 mg/kg of BW, in Beagle dogs 9 mg/kg BW,cattle 13 mg/kg BW, for female rats 21.4 mg/kg of BW and for males 30.3 mg/kg ofBW.Ochratoxicoses is usually manifested by anorexia, fever, diarrhea, and uremia. Typicalsymptoms, especially in pigs, are polidipsia and poliuria with glucozuria. It is believedthat changes of the total protein level and albumin are the most sensitive indicator ofacute ochratoxicosis. Also, by urine testing, besides the presence of OA and itsmetabolites, lower pH and the presence of protein may be determined [19]. For chronicochratoxicoses nonspecific clinical picture is characteristic with retard growth, decreasedbody weight, lower feed consumption and increased feed conversion.Pathomorphological changes are primarily in the kidneys and liver. The kidneys areenlarged and pale (like boiled) and liver fatty degenerated.REFERENCES1. Bočarov-Stančić A., Milovac M., Gološin B: Nalaz mikotoksina u žitaricama istočnoj hrani. Savetovanje ITNMS, Beograd, (2000).2. Boland E.W., Anderson H.H., Casper P.T., Berg D., Dhuyvetter D.V.: Theeffects of increasing vomitoxin (DON) levels from scab infested barley fed tofeedlot steers. Beef Prod. Field Day. Carrington Res. Ext. Ctr. Livestock Unit.North Dakota State University Ag. Expt. Sta. (1994) 17:34.3. Đilas S., Abramović B., Mašić Z: Rasprostranjenost fumonizina i metodenjihovog određivanja, Zbornik 15 savetovanja veterinara Srbije, Zlatibor,(2003) 110-117.4. El-Makawy, A., Hassanane, S. M., Abd Alla, A. M. E: Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41(2001) 79-89.5. Fuchs R: Distribution and fate of ochratoxin A in experimental animals.Doctorial thesis. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden, (1988).6. Gaumy JL, Bailly JD, Benard G, Guerre G: Zearalenone: origin and effecton farm animals. Rev. Med. Vet. 152: (2001),123-136.99