Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ... - FINS

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1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposiumsecondary mechanism is linked to the increased lipid peroxidation in microsomes of liverand kidneys [5]. The third mechanism of toxicity of ochratoxin is based on inhibition ofrespiration in mitochondria, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of protein transmitterslocalized on the inner membrane and mitochondria. It is teratogenic agent with differentpotency in various animal species, as the result of different possibilities of placentaltransfer. Mice, rats, hemsters and chickens are sensitive, while pigs are resistant.Carcinogenic properties of ochratoxin exhibit a high frequency of renal adenomas andcancer, especially in males, with frequent metastases in the liver and lymph nodes, andin females the multiplication of fibroadenoma in milk glands. Ochratoxin A exertsimmunosuppressive action [12].Toxic effects depend on the species and animal age, gender, health status, degree ofcontamination and the length of ingestion of contaminated feed. Toxicity is significantlyaffected by the form of toxins (OA, OB, OC, OD, OA methyl ester, methyl ester OB,OB-ethyl ester, O and O ). LD50 for ducks is approximately 0.5 mg/kg of BW (to 3mg/kg BW), for goats 3 mg/kg BW, pigs 6 mg/kg of BW, in Beagle dogs 9 mg/kg BW,cattle 13 mg/kg BW, for female rats 21.4 mg/kg of BW and for males 30.3 mg/kg ofBW.Ochratoxicoses is usually manifested by anorexia, fever, diarrhea, and uremia. Typicalsymptoms, especially in pigs, are polidipsia and poliuria with glucozuria. It is believedthat changes of the total protein level and albumin are the most sensitive indicator ofacute ochratoxicosis. Also, by urine testing, besides the presence of OA and itsmetabolites, lower pH and the presence of protein may be determined [19]. For chronicochratoxicoses nonspecific clinical picture is characteristic with retard growth, decreasedbody weight, lower feed consumption and increased feed conversion.Pathomorphological changes are primarily in the kidneys and liver. The kidneys areenlarged and pale (like boiled) and liver fatty degenerated.REFERENCES1. Bočarov-Stančić A., Milovac M., Gološin B: Nalaz mikotoksina u žitaricama istočnoj hrani. Savetovanje ITNMS, Beograd, (2000).2. Boland E.W., Anderson H.H., Casper P.T., Berg D., Dhuyvetter D.V.: Theeffects of increasing vomitoxin (DON) levels from scab infested barley fed tofeedlot steers. Beef Prod. Field Day. Carrington Res. Ext. Ctr. Livestock Unit.North Dakota State University Ag. Expt. Sta. (1994) 17:34.3. Đilas S., Abramović B., Mašić Z: Rasprostranjenost fumonizina i metodenjihovog određivanja, Zbornik 15 savetovanja veterinara Srbije, Zlatibor,(2003) 110-117.4. El-Makawy, A., Hassanane, S. M., Abd Alla, A. M. E: Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41(2001) 79-89.5. Fuchs R: Distribution and fate of ochratoxin A in experimental animals.Doctorial thesis. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden, (1988).6. Gaumy JL, Bailly JD, Benard G, Guerre G: Zearalenone: origin and effecton farm animals. Rev. Med. Vet. 152: (2001),123-136.99
1 st WorkshopXIII International Feed Technology Symposium7. Harrison L.R., Colvin B.M., Greene J.T., Newman L.E., Cole R.J:Pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine produced by fumonisin B 1 , a toxicmetabolite of Fusarium moniliforme. J.Vet.Diagn.Invest.2: (1990) 217.8. Humphreys J: Veterinary Toxicology, 3rd ed., Baillere Tindall Comp.,London, Great Britain, 1988.9. Jakić-Dimić D., Nešić K., Sinovec Z: Pregled kvaliteta hrane za goveda,Veterinarski glasnik, Vol. 57, 7-8, 381-536, 2003.10. JECFA (joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) Safetyevaluation of certain food additives and contaminants, Zearalenone, WHOFood additives Series 44, 393-482, 2000.11. JECFA (joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) Safetyevaluation of certain mycotoxins in food, Fumonisins, WHO Food additivesSeries 47, 103-279, 2001.12. Leeson S., Diaz G., Summers J: Poultry metabolic disorders and mycotoxins.Univ. Books, Guelph, Canada, 1995.13. Leibteseder J: Mycotoxin in animal feedingstuffs. Biomin GesundeTierernahrung Int. Gesembh, Wienna, Austria, 1989.14. Magam N., Olsen M: Mycotoxins in food, detection and control. WoodheadPublishing LTD and CRC Press LLC, 2004.15. Marasas W.F.O., Kellerman T.S., Gelderblom W.C.A., Coetzer J.A.W.,Thiel P.G., van der Lugt J.J: Leukoencephalomalacia in a horse induced byfumonisin B 1 isolated from Fusarium moniliforme. Onderstepoort J.Vet Res55:197, 1988.16. Mašić Z., Adamović M., Đilas Sandra, Mihaljev Ţ: Mikotoksini upatofiziologiji ishrane goveda, Veterinarski glasnik, Vol. 57, 3-4, 191-199,2003.17. Mašić Z., Jakić-Dimić D., Stančev V., Sinovec Z: Pregled kvaliteta smeša zaishranu svinja. Vet. Glasn., 56, 41-52, 2002.18. Mitterbauer R., Weindorfer H., Safaie N., Krska R., Lemmens M.,Ruckenbauer K. K. G. A. P: A Sensitive and Inexpensive Yeast Bioassay for theMycotoxin Zearalenone and Other Compounds with Estrogenic Activity.Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2003, p. 805-811, Vol. 69,No. 2, 2003.19. Nedeljković-Trailović J: Značaj ohratoksina u veterinarskoj medicini, II Sav.Clinica Veterinaria, 183-187, 2000.20. Nešić K: Efikasnost mineralnog i organskog adsorbenta u ublažavanjutoksičnih efekata zearalenona na proizvodne rezultate i patomorfološkepromene prasadi. Magistarska teza, Fakuktet veterinarske medicine, Beograd,2003.21. Nešić V: Ispitivanje efikasnosti odabranih dodataka hrani na ublažavanještetnih efekata T-2 toksina kod brojlera. Doktorska disertacija, Fakultetveterinarske medicine, Beograd, 2007.22. Oţegović L., Pepeljnjak S: Mikotoksikoze, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1995.23. Pasteiner S: Mycotoxins in animal husbandry. Biomin Gesunde TierernahrungInt. GesembH, Wien, Austria, 1998.100
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